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The lymphatic system and disorders
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Harisa AkhtarThe lymphatic system.
The lymph system, also known as the lymphatic system, is a vast network of vessels that runs
through almost all our tissues and allows for the passage of a fluid called lymph. Lymph moves
through the body in the same way that blood does. In the human body, there are around 600 lymph
nodes. These nodes enlarge as a result of a build-up of lymph fluid, bacteria, or other organisms, as
well as immune system cells, in reaction to infection. A person with a throat infection, for example,
may experience enlarged "glands." Especially under the jaw, in the armpits, and in the groin area,
swollen glands can be felt. These aren't glands at all, but lymph nodes. Lymph is the fluid that runs
through the lymphatic system, which is made up of lymph vessels and lymph nodes that return fluid
from the tissues to the central circulation, like the venous system.
Description and Diagram Function
features.
Spleen The spleen is an organ The spleen makes
located in the upper left lymphocytes, filters
abdomen and is roughly the blood cells, and
the size of a clenched destroys old blood
fist. It is the largest cells. It fights invading
lymphatic organ in the germs in blood.
body. It is located on the
left side of the abdomen
near the stomach. The
spleen varies in size and
shape between people,
but it’s commonly ‘fist
shaped’ purple, and
about 4 inches long.
Thymus gland The thymus gland is in The thymus makes
the chest, between the white blood cells
lungs and behind the called T lymphocytes
sternum. It is in front of (t cells). The thymus is
and above the heart. critically important in
The thymus gland is a the immune system
pyramid shaped which serves as the
lymphoid organ. A body’s defense
unique feature of a mechanism providing
thymus is that it does surveillance and
not have a afferent protection against
lymphatic vessels diverse pathogens.
entering it.it has two
separate lobes divided
by a central medulla and
a peripheral cortex and
is forms with
lymphocytes and
reticular cells.
, Harisa Akhtar
Tonsils Tonsils are a pair of soft Tonsils are located at
tissue masses located at the throat and palate,
the rear of the throat. they can stop germs
They are covered by pink entering the body
mucosa that is on the through the mouth or
adjacent mouth lining. nose. The tonsils also
They can also be contain a lot of white
describing as a lump of blood cells, which are
tissue at the back of the responsible for killing
throat. germs.
Lymph glands Lymph is a clear to white They filter substances
fluid made out of white that travel the
blood cells, especially lymphatic fluid, and
lymphocytes the cells they contain
that attack bacteria in lymphocytes that help
the blood. The lymph the body fight
gland is a small bean infection and disease.
shaped structure that is
part of the immune
system.
Lymph vessels Lymph vessels are thin- Lymph vessels are the
walled valved structures network od capillaries
that carry lymph. They and a large network
are lines by endothelial of tubes located
cells and have a thin throughout your body
layer of smooth muscles that transport lymph
and adventitia that bind away from tissues.
the lymph vessels to the They collect and filter
surrounding tissue. They lymph at the nodes as
are structurally very it continues to move
similar to blood vessels. toward larger vessels
called collecting
ducts.
Lymph nodes The lymph nodes are A lymph node
small, solid structures removes the excess
located in many parts of fluid from body
the body, including the tissues and absorbs
neck, armpit, chest, belly the fatty acids and
and groin. Each lymph subsequent transport
node is divided into two of fat, chyle to the
general regions, the circulatory system. It
capsule and cortex. The is the production of
capsule is an outer layer immune cells such as
of connective tissue. lymphocytes,
Underlying the capsule monocytes and
id the cortex, a region antibody producing
containing mostly cells called plasma
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