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ANEMIAS AUTOINMUNES

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Etiologia, factores de riesgo, clasificaciones, fisiopatologia, manifestaciones clinicas, diagnostico y tratamiento

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  • June 6, 2023
  • 4
  • 2021/2022
  • Class notes
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ANEMIAS HEMOLITICAS ADQUIRIDAS
CAUSAS:
● Hiperesplenismo → Aumento de función → Mayor lisis de glóbulos rojos
● Valvulopatía → Válvulas rígidas, al cerrar aplastan a GR y los destruyen
● Reemplazo de válvula → Válvula rígida, al cerrar aplastan a GR y los
destruyen

TRATAMIENTO con hiperesplenismo
● Esplenectomía

TRATAMIENTO con valvulopatía
● Reemplazo de válvula

TRATAMIENTO con reemplazo de válvula
● No hay

ANEMIAS INMUNO HEMOLÍTICAS O AUTOINMUNES
Pueden ser:
1. Mediadas por complemento (serie de 9 proteínas que circulan en
sangre y se encargan de montar la respuesta inmune, cuando detectan
algo extraño se precipitan en la membrana del agente extraño y hace
MAC, en glóbulo rojo hacen hoyo en membrana → lisis)
- IgM
- Intravascular
- Hemólisis temprana
2. Mediadas por Ig
- Se marca el glóbulo rojo por anticuerpos
- Anemia hemolítica extravascular → IgG (única Ig que atraviesa la
placenta) → opsonizacion (marcan anticuerpos a globulos rojos),
es esxtravascular porque sera por macrofagos en el bazo
- Por agentes extraños → Transfusiones/ enf hemolitica del recien
nacido (isoinmunizacion materno-fetal) (cuando procreadores no
son consanguíneos, en especial la madre O-, el 2do producto
muere, el primero no, ocurre hidrops fetal, muerte in útero)
- Por agentes eritrocitarios → Agentes externos con modificación o
reacción cruzada o disfunción
- Hemólisis tardía

DIAGNÓSTICO DE ANEMIA HEMOLÍTICA AUTOINMUNE
● Manifestaciones clínicas
● Prueba de COOMBS
- Directa → Se busca complemento, unión antígeno anticuerpo, se
aglutina la sangre
- Indirecta → Se buscan aglutinar, se busca suero y se le agregan
GR

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