Sexuality in contemporary media culture: pornification, censorship, innocent pleasure? CLASS NOTES
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Course
SOW-VSB9048
Institution
Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen (RU)
Complete class notes on Sexuality in contemporary media culture: pornification, censorship, innocent pleasure?
Includes notes of Seminars and Lectures, readings and assignments + exam instructions.
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Deadline: On the day of class, before 9.00 am.
Readings (+ the handouts)
- The Secret Museum
- Viewers Make Meaning
- Obscenity and the Origins of Modernity
- Pornosphere
- Girls + Sex and The City
- Interactive Sex
- Porno? Chic!
- Empowerment/ Sexism
- Female Chauvinist Pigs
- Beyond the “Sexualization of Culture”
- APA Task Force on the Sexualisation of Girls
, - Too much too young?: Young people, sexual media and learning
- Born into porno: Kids in a pornified world
- Ellen, Television, and the Politics of Gay and Lesbian Visibility
- Representing Lesbians in Film and Television
- Orange is the New Black
- God Hates Cowboys (Kind of)
- An Affair To Remember
- On the Universality of Brokeback
- Lonesome Cowboys
Lecture 1: SEEING THINGS
We focus on a set of processes that have been referred to as: sexualization, pornographication
and pornification. They refer to a “more”.
· They refer to images in mainstream media culture that are more explicit.
· The second idea is that there are more images than ever found before.
· The third idea refers to the fact that more people have access to such images.
It’s thought of as a problematic development, there is an unease: sex has left its proper media
domain and has entered media it should not be at.
There are worries about the effects of this process.
Images produce all kinds of undesirable effects: in the field of gender, we have the
sexualization of women and their bodies, women are objectified with sexual harassment and
violence towards women. Another demographic is young people, it leads them to undesirable
behaviours: having sex too early, teen pregnancies, and the creation of unrealistic
expectations of what sex and bodies are. There are also people that argue that they are just
images, and we should not be so worried, this is a source of pleasure and entertainment, it
feeds our fantasy, we escape from everyday life. All of them assume a lot about images and
pretend to know about the effect of these images and how these effects are being produced.
Very often there are unidirectional theories: images cause effects, they do things. There is
also an assumption that looking will lead to doing things. Also, it is believed that there is a
direct connection between images and emotional states.
Sturken & Cartwright - before assuming that the image is sexual we should look more into it.
The images begin with meaning: there is an assumption that the meanings of an image are
easy; it is much more complex.
Meaning is complex.
- It depends on the image itself and what the producer tried to do with it.
- It relies on conventions, implicit cultural agreements between us that define what
is acceptable.
- It is the result of the person who is doing the looking, the viewer. Between
cultures and individuals, the meanings might be different.
- Last, the context, where and when you see the image creates a different meaning.
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