A2 Unit F965 - Historical Interpretations and Investigations
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Summary Civil Rights in the USA
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A2 Unit F965 - Historical Interpretations and Investigations
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OCR
Detailed, clear and organised notes for all the topics for Civil Rights in the USA
African Americans
Native Americans
Women
Labour Rights and Trade Unions
All written by an A-Level History student
A2 Unit F965 - Historical Interpretations and Investigations
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WOMEN 1865-1992
What was the position of women in 1865?
Many women involved in the Church
Many AA women played a role in the abolition of slavery
Involvement in the Temperance movement – 60,000 women took part
Temperance movement (HUGE IN GILDED AGE)
- The belief that alcohol was a major social evil and that a good family life was only
possible by prohibiting alcohol – was causing family issues
- Prohibition = A ban on the creation, sale and consumption of alcohol
- Protestant Church opposed alcohol – women who lived on the south were more
likely to support the movement
- 18th Amendment 1919 = Made it illegal to make or sell alcohol in the US (Fed Law)
- 21st Amendment 1933 = Made alcohol legal states could make their own laws on
prohibition
- Prohibition led to a bigger urge to drink – women realised excess drinking was the
problem illegal shit was happening – the creation of speakeasies and stuff
Did the Temperance Movement HELP or HINDER?
Help Hinder
Developed political skills – skills could be Highlighted the difference between
used for other causes working and middle-class women
Developed the skills to deal with mistakes White women and Black women were
they understood the mistakes they unable to work together
made with the temperance movement and
corrected their mistake
WCTU (Women’s Christian Temperance Union) 1874
- Worked to ban alcohol to protect families
- Members reached 800,000 by the 1920s
- Didn’t include all the people who supported the cause
- Consisted of white, middle-class protestants
- Didn’t aim for equality but had an indirect link
ASL (Anti-Saloon League) 1893
- Lobbied for prohibition during Temperance
- Passed the 18th Amendment in 1919
- Was more successful in the South
- Indirect link to equality
, WONPR (Women’s Organisation for national Prohibition Reform) 1929
- Founded by Pauline Sabin
- Wanted to repeal the 18th Amendment because of the surge in underage drinking
and speakeasys
- Very successful – disbanded after the 21st Amendment
- 3x the membership of the WCTU
- Great Depression was a factor too
- Split wealthy women and Working Class women – working-class women benefitted
the most from prohibition and felt that the work was being undone
- Not focused on equality
CIVIL WAR 1861-65
The impact of the Civil War 1861-65
- Women had to take on greater roles than ever before responsible for keeping
households running and keeping farms and businesses running
- Women establish charities for the worthy poor, veterans and their families – carried
on into the New Deal eg: Settlement houses
- Women in the north getting involved in war work
- By 1870, 13% of all unmarried women worked in domestic occupations or in
factories 15% of all women
- Married women did unofficial work that wasn’t on the books such as taking in
laundry or mending clothes
Homestead Act 1862
- Allowed women to own their own land a part of Westward Expansion Link to NAs
End of the war
- End of the war brought about enfranchisement for AAs led to raised issues about
voting for women
- Saw enfranchisement of slaves as putting AA men over white women
- 15th Amendment - Established that Fed and State government couldn’t withhold
voting rights based on race said nothing about women
Individual groups of women in the Gilded Age
Black women
- Black Women wanted to vote
- Not only did White Americans laugh at this but so did AA men
- AA men enjoyed their newfound control over women
- Hard for AA women to get jobs so servant jobs were the most common employment
wages were low
White Middle-Class women
- Became politically active
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