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Samenvatting Zenuwstelsel

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paraveterinair leerjaar 2 samenvatting zenuwstelsel

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  • June 8, 2023
  • 12
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
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Zenuwstelsel...........................................................................................................................................1
3 types zenuwcellen...........................................................................................................................1
Motorische zenuwcel.........................................................................................................................1
Prikkelgeleiding..................................................................................................................................2
Depolarisatie en repolarisatie.............................................................................................................2
Schedel...................................................................................................................................................3
Grote en kleine hersenen.......................................................................................................................3
Wervels...................................................................................................................................................4
Pathologie zenuwstelsel.........................................................................................................................5
Idiopathische ziekten..............................................................................................................................6
Epilepsie.............................................................................................................................................6
3 fasen van de gegeneraliseerde vorm (grandmal).........................................................................6
Afwijkingen van het ruggenmerg............................................................................................................8
Hernia NP............................................................................................................................................8
Aangeboren hersenziekten.....................................................................................................................9
Erfelijke hersenenziekten.......................................................................................................................9
Verkregen hersenaandoeningen............................................................................................................9
Reflexen................................................................................................................................................10
Begrippenlijst........................................................................................................................................11

, Zenuwstelsel o Brengt bevelen van het cz
naar de rest van het lichaam

Zenuwstelsel (Bouw/anatomie)

- Centrale zenuwstelsel
o Hersenen en ruggenmerg Zenuwstelsel (werking/functie)
o Coördinerend en regelend
- Perifere zenuwstelsel - Willekeurig (met wil)
o Vanaf ruggenmerg naar - Autonoom (zonder wil)
bijvoorbeeld organen o Parasympatisch: in rust,
genezen en verteren
o Sympathisch: actie


3 types zenuwcellen
1. Sensibele zenuwcel: start bij zintuig(cellen) en gaat tot het ruggenmerg
2. Schakel zenuwcel: begint in het ruggenmerg en gaat van/naar de hersenen (heen en weer)
3. Motorische zenuwcel: start in het ruggenmerg en gaat naar spieren of klieren toe

Zenuwcellen worden aangedreven door glucose te verbranden, ze kunnen geen vet verbranden zoals
de meeste andere weefsels dat kunnen.
We kunnen reageren op interne en externe prikkels.
Reflex: reactie op een prikkel, sneller dan dat de prikkel helemaal naar de hersenen gaat.



Motorische zenuwcel
Dendriet gaat naar het
cellichaam toe, neuriet gaat
van het cellichaam af. Lange
uitloper is een axon. Cellen
van Schwann: isolatie/
bumpers zodat er geen
kortsluiting komt. Dus voor
bescherming en
prikkelgeleiding. Insnoering
van Ranvier: stukjes tussen
de cellen van Schwann



Bindweefselcellen

- Astrocyten; hersenlijm. Scherm tussen zenuwcellen en bloedvaten. Blood brain Barrier
- Oligodendorcyten/ Microglia cellen; isolatie, steun functie en doden van bacteriën
- Schwannse cellen; prikkel geleiding over zenuwcel, isolatie en steun.

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