FISDAP Review EXAM 2 COMPLETE SOLUTION 2023
Anoxia
a lack of oxygen
Apena
the cessation of breathing
Asthma
an acute respiratory disorder characterized by unusually sensitive, irritated conducing airways
Atelactasis
ateles (incomplete) and ekatasis (expansion); alveolar collapse due to loss...
FISDAP Review EXAM 2 COMPLETE SOLUTION 2023
Anoxia
a lack of oxygen
Apena
the cessation of breathing
Asthma
an acute respiratory disorder characterized by unusually sensitive, irritated conducing
airways
Atelactasis
ateles (incomplete) and ekatasis (expansion); alveolar collapse due to loss of surfactant
Bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchial lining
Compliance
an indication of the lungs resilience and ability to expand; the lower the compliance, the
greater the force required to fill and empty the lungs; the greater the compliance, the
easier it is to fill and empty the lungs
Dyspena
difficult or labored breathing
Hypercapnia
An abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the blood
Hypocapnia
An abnormally low level of carbon dioxide in the blood
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
The amount of air that can be maximally inhaled after a normal inspiration
Pneumothroax
the entry of air into the pleural cavity
Pulmonary Embolism
blockage of a branch of a pulmonary artery producing an interruption of blood flow to a
group of lobules and/or alveoli
Septal Cells
Secrete surfactant
Surfactant
Oily secretion that reduces surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse
Quiet Breathing
Inhalation involves muscular contractions but exhalation is passive
Forced Breathing
Both inhalation and exhalation are active
This type of cartilage is located slightly below the thyroid cartilage, it's the first
cartiloaginous right of the trachea
Cricoid Cartliage
This cartilage is ring shaped, protects the glottis and the entrance to the trachea
Cricoid Cartilage
Also known as the "Adam's Apple." It's inferior to the hyoid bone and superior to
the cricoid cartilage, protects the glottis and the entrance to the trachea
Thyroid Cartilage
Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal cords, producing sound waves.
, Vocal Pitch
What sound is produced when the vocal cords are short and thin and they vibrate
rapidly?
High-pitched tone
Long, thick vocal cords vibrate more slowly, producing what kind of sound?
Low-pitched tone
How many cartilages make up the tracheal wall?
15-20 cartilages
What are the effects of the sympathetic activation the bronchioles?
It leads to relaxation of smooth muscles in the walls of the bronchioles, causing
bronchodilation
What are the effects of the parasympathetic activation on bronchioles?
Leads to a contraction of the smooth muscles, causing bronchoconstriction
The absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by the cells
Internal Respiration
All the processes involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
between the body's interstitial fluids and the external environment
External Respiration
This is a part of external respiration; gas exchange across the respiratory
membrane between alveolar air spaces and alveolar capillaries and across the
capillary cell membranes between blood and other tissues
Diffusion
A part of external respiration; it's the physical movement of air into and out of the
lungs.
Ventilation
This is the sum of the inspiratory reserve volume, the expiration reserve volume,
and the tidal volume; The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a
minimum inspiration
Vital Capacity
The amount of air moved into or out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle
during quiet breathing; appproximately 500mL (5 to 7 cc/kg)
Tidal Volume
The amount f air that remains in the lungs even after a maximal exhalation;
approximately 1200mL in males and 1100mL in females
Residual Volume
The amount of gas in the distal volume that remains in the air passageways
unavailable for gas exchange; approximately 150 mL
Dead Space Volume
What makes up the respiratory centers?
three pairs of nuclei in the pons and medulla oblongata
What are the functions of pons?
They adjust the respiratory rate and depth of respiration in response to sensory stimuli,
emotional states or speech patterns; location of apneustic center and pneumotaxic
center
What's the function of the medulla oblongata?
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