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Summary Inhibition of cell growth
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Industrial pharmacy - 1st semester Includes bullet points, key diagrams and images
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Inhibition of Cell GrowthCell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
Beta lactam antibiotics-penicillin’s, cephalolsporins and bacitracin (polypeptide)
(not effective against gram negative)
Penicillin inhibits transpepidation in peptidoglycan synthesis. NAM-NAG
backbone doesn’t form as transpeptidase is inhibited
Gram positive can hydrolyse penicillins or it isn’t transported into the bacteria
Inhibitors of Growth
Cell membrane- disorganise the structure or inhibit functionality (polymixins)
Protein synthesis- affinity to 70s ribosome (tetracyclines, chloramphenicol,
erythromycin and streptomycin)
Nucleic acid- inhibit synthesis (nalidixic acid and rifamycins)
Competitive inhibitors- synthetic chemotherapeutic agents are growth factor
analogues like sulphonamides (folic acid synthesis) and disrupt this synthesis
Bacterial Endotoxins and Pyrogens
Pyrogen- substance that when injected into a mammal causes a rise in body
temperature
Pyrogens produced by gram negative bacteria are called endotoxins
Endotoxins are usually lipopolysaccharides
Normally released during metabolism but largely following cell death or lysis
Resistant to heat and pH
Effects of pyrogens range from: small inflammatory response, to fever and worst
of all is organ failure and death
Pyrogens In Pharmaceutical Preparations
All raw materials are a source of contamination
All irrigations, infusions and injectable products are screened. Any product
labelled apyrogenic and if the BP specifies
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