Summary
Summary Drug packaging
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Industrial pharmacy - 2nd semester Includes bullet points, key diagrams and images
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Packaging TechnologyPack Types
Primary pack- direct contact with product (blister pack/bottle) and principle
protection for product
Secondary pack- surrounds the primary pack so enables storage, transport and
display
Tertiary pack- extra material like leaflets, inserts and dispensing measures
For presentation, protection, identification and convenience
Presentation
Professional appearance
Designed to aid product selection
Can label on more than 1 box face
Issue with foreign imports
Protection
Climactic- from atmosphere
Biological- micro-biological
Chemical- interaction between product and pack
Use- for professional and patient
Identification
Enables labelling
Brand identification
OTC- brand awareness and easy identification
POM- more plain and fulfils legal requirements
Convenience/Containment/Compliance
Ease of use
Size restriction
Factors to Consider for Product Protection
Scrap Cart
Shock
Compression
Rattle (vibration)
Abrasion
Puncture
Containment
Ageing
Rodents
Theft
Mist Mard
Moisture
Insects
Sunlight/light
, Temperature extremes
Microbiological
Atmosphere
Recycling
Disposal
Why We Need Packaging
Easier to handle
Chemical protection
Integrity of product
Identification
Ease of use
Types of Packaging
Bottles
Blister packs
Strips
Sachets
Specials (injector pens)
Pharmacopoeial Glass
Silicon dioxide >70%
Type 1-neutral glass/borosilicate made of aluminium oxides. High thermal shock
resistance and very high hydrolytic resistance due to boric oxide. Reusable
products
Type 2-soda lime silicate glass made by alkali metal oxides. High hydrolytic
resistance by chemical treatment. Suitable for aqueous solution<pH 7
Type 3- soda lime silicate. Moderate hydrolytic resistance so suitable for non-
aqueous preparation or non-parenteral aqueous products
Type 4- soda lime silicate glass with low hydrolytic resistance. Only for solid
non-parenteral formulations
Colourless for parenterals
Amber for orals and topicals
Hydrolytic resistance test- contact time between surface of the glass and water
(titrate for released alkali)
Advantages of Glass
Cheap but more expensive than plastic
Easy to produce
Easy to clean
Easy inspection
Good resistance to moisture
Disadvantages of Glass
Breakable
Some can release alkali into the contents
Heavy
Plastics
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