ISSA TRAINER EXAM 2023 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Muscular, cardiopulmonary, and metabolic adaptations to exercise are known as the training effect. (T/F) - True The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant internal body environment through various processes is called: - Homeostasis BMR stands for - basal metabolic rate Anabolism and catabolism occur at the same time throughout the body. (T/F) - True A calorie is a unit of heat. (T/F) - True The preferred unit in metabolic studies and nutrition labels is the kilocalorie (kcal). (T/F) - True The primary (not the 'initial') fuel during endurance exercise is: - Fatty acids The molecule used for storing and transferring energy in the body is called: - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) The ATP/CP pathway is the primary pathway used for activities lasting two minutes or greater. (T/F) - False About 98% of the human body is composed of only six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorous. (T/F) - True The respiratory system is responsible for: - - Supplying oxygen to the body - Eliminating carbon dioxide in the body - Helps regulate the body's pH balance The circulatory system consists of: - Heart, arteries, and veins The nervous system is made up of the: - peripheral nervous system and central nervous system Excretion is one function of the digestive system. (T/F) - True Hormones are classified as: - Steroids, Amino-Acid derivatives, Peptides Hemoglobin is an oxygen-transporting protein in red blood cells. (T/F) - True The main purpose(s) of hormones is/are to: - - Alter the rate of synthesis of your cellular protein - Change the rate of enzyme activity - Change the rate of transport of nutrients through the cell wall Tendons connect bone to bone. (T/F) - False The average human adult skeleton has: - 206 bones Tendons: - Are extensions of muscle fibers and connect muscle to bone The anatomical terms for front and back are: - anterior and posterior Type I muscle fibers are predominantly aerobic. (T/F) - True Cardiovascular/aerobic exercise results in: - Mitochondrial adaptations Type II muscle fibers are entirely aerobic. (T/F) - False Muscular hypertrophy is a(n): - increase in muscle fiber size In a concentric contraction, the muscle lengthens to produce movements. (T/F) - False Kinesiology is: - The science or study of human movement, and the active and passive structures involved An isometric contraction is when: - A muscle does not lengthen or shorten as it contracts True synergy occurs when a muscle contracts to stop the secondary action of another muscle. (T/F) - True An example of an antagonist muscle is: - Triceps during a biceps curl Adduction is a movement of a body part away from the midline of the body. (T/F) - False An example of flexion is the: - Concentric action of a bicep curl Flexion mainly occurs in which plane? - sagittal plane Newton's second law of motion deals with force and its relationship to mass and acceleration. (T/F) - True Biomechanics is the study of: - movement Muscular force is broken down into the components of: - Magnitude, Direction, Point of application, Line of action Inertia can be categorized as: - Resting inertia and moving inertia A first-class lever is similar to a seesaw. (T/F) - True The ability to perceive your position and movement of the body or limbs in space is known as: - Kinesthesis A second-class lever is similar to a wheelbarrow. (T/F) - True The faster the work is done during a movement, the lesser the amount of power. (T/F) - False Posture is solely viewed in static positions, such as sitting, standing, or lying down. (T/F) - False "Flatback" can be identified by a: - Posterior pelvic tilt Excessive lateral curvature of the spinal column is known as: - Scoliosis Kyphosis is an exaggerated anterior-posterior curvature of the spinal column. (T/F) - True When the superior iliac crest of the pelvis moves forward and downward from the normal anatomical position, it is known as: - Lordosis Intradiscal pressure is up to 11 times greater when seated versus lying down. (T/F) - True Exaggerated anterior-posterior curvature of the spinal column is known as: - Kyphosis Even though sitting can be unavoidable for many people, it is best to limit time spent sitting as much as possible, and design your workplace according to correct ergonomics. (T/F) - True The major movements that are possible at the knee joint are adduction and abduction. (T/F) - False The knee is stabilized on the anterior side by which muscle? - Quadriceps The semimembranosus and semitendinosus attach on what side of the knee? - Medial The ankle joint is made up of which bone(s)? - tibia and talus