PATH 3610 Midterm Testbank - All Midterm Exam Questions and Answers
Course
University of Guelph
Institution
University Of Guelph (U Of G
)
ATH 3610 Midterm Testbanks
Midterm 1
Question 1: The release of cytoplasmic enzymes from necrotic cells may be useful diagnostically.
a. True
b. False
Question 2: Bilirubin is:
a. Lipid soluble when conjugated
b. Water soluble when conjugated
c. Conjugated in the kidney for excretion in the...
Question 1: The release of cytoplasmic enzymes from necrotic cells may be useful diagnostically.
a. True
b. False
Question 2: Bilirubin is:
a. Lipid soluble when conjugated
b. Water soluble when conjugated
c. Conjugated in the kidney for excretion in the urine
Question 3: Agents such as radiation, mutagenic drugs and viruses can lead to acquired DNA
abnormalities. Damage to cells such as blood cell precursors in the bone marrow is the result of:
a. Failed synthesis of structural proteins
b. Failure of growth regulating proteins
c. Interference with mitosis
Question 4: Free radicals can impair cell membrane function by causing:
a. Lesions in DNA
b. Lipid peroxidation
c. Protein cross-linking
Question 5: Anemia will lead to impaired energy production by the cell because there is:
a. Insufficient oxygen
b. Low glucose levels
c. Enzyme inhibition
Question 6: The primary change in hemolytic jaundice is:
a. Inadequate bilirubin excretion
b. Increased production of bilirubin
c. Serum accumulation of conjugated bilirubin
Question 7: Triglyceride accumulation in the cytoplasm of parenchymal cells (such as the liver) is termed:
a. Cytoplasm vacuolation
b. Hyperglycemia
c. Fatty degeneration
Question 8: Hypoxia, leading to impaired energy production by the cell, may be caused by:
a. Anemia
b. Low blood glucose levels
c. Inhibition of respiratory enzymes
Question 9: Death of cells in a living organism is termed:
a. Gangrene
b. Necrosis
c. Ischemia
Question 10: Starvation can lead to the development of fatty liver.
a. True
b. False
,PATH 3610 Midterm Testbanks
Question 11: Cloudy swelling is the result of:
a. Intracellular accumulation of fluid and electrolytes
b. Decreased intracellular pH
c. Triglyceride accumulation
Question 12: The most definitive microscopic evidence of cell necrosis is:
a. Homogenous, more deeply staining cytoplasm
b. Cytoplasmic vacuolation
c. Nuclear pyknosis and karrhyorhexis
Question 13: Chronic over-consumption of alcohol can lead to fatty liver due to:
a. Decreased oxidation of triglycerides
b. Increased activity of hepatic enzyme systems, leading to increased conversion of fatty acids
to triglycerides
c. Decreased mobilization of adipose tissue due to decreased alcoholic caloric consumption
Question 14: The colour changes in a bruise are related to:
a. Necrosis of tissue
b. Synthesis of hemoglobin
c. Breakdown of hemoglobin
Question 15: Dystrophic calcification refers to abnormal deposition of calcium salts:
a. In dead or dying tissues
b. In tissues due to high serum calcium levels
c. Associated with inherited calcium metabolic disorders
Question 16: Cellular injury can result when bilirubin accumulates in:
a. Parenchymal cells (such as the liver or brain)
b. Connective tissue
c. Skin
Question 17: A myocardial infarct is seen as a dry, well demarcated area of pale tissue. This would be
described as:
a. Coagulation necrosis
b. Caseation necrosis
c. An abscess
Question 18: Local death of a cell or cells due to injury is known as:
a. Ischemia
b. Necrosis
c. Infarction
Question 19: Swelling of mitochondria caused by impaired cell energy production can cause:
a. Cloudy or vacuolar cytoplasmic changes
b. Increased oxidative phosphorylation
c. Acceleration of ATP synthesis
Question 20: Alcohol consumption can lead to fatty liver change by:
a. Decreasing hepatic oxidation of triglycerides
b. Decreasing mobilization of adipose tissue due to increased caloric (alcohol) intake
c. Induction of enzymes to increase fatty acid conversion into triglycerides
,PATH 3610 Midterm Testbanks
Question 21: Which of the following microscopic features is the best indicator of necrosis?
a. Cytoplasmic swelling
b. Blurring and/or loss of cellular outlines
c. Nuclear pyknosis, karyorrhexis or karyolysis
Question 22: Free radicals generated within cells are unstable and can lead to:
a. Stabilization of lipid membranes
b. Break down of protein cross-links
c. Degradation of nucleic acids
Question 23: The switch of cells from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism can cause:
a. Stabilization of organelle membranes
b. Damage to lysosomal membranes, potentially worsening cell injury
c. Acetic acid production
Question 24: Which of the following is not a post-mortem change?
a. Hemorrhage
b. Rigor mortis
c. Settling of blood in dependent parts, termed "lividity"
Question 25: Apoptosis refers to:
a. The internalization of material by a cell
b. Disintegration of tissues which occurs after death
c. Programmed cell death
NOTE: this question is also seen with different MC options but ‘programmed cell death to remove ‘old’
cells” remains as the correct answer
Question 26: Which of the following is not a cause of impaired cell energy production?
a. Hyperglycemia
b. Respiratory obstruction or disease
c. Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation
Question 27: Which of the following is true of jaundice?
a. Only adipose tissue displays yellow discolouration
b. It is only a disease of the liver
c. It can occur secondary to widespread hemolysis of red blood cells
Question 28: Regional tissue necrosis due to ischemia, followed by secondary bacterial infection defines:
a. Autolysis
b. Putrefaction
c. Gangrene
Question 29: Elevated conjugated serum bilirubin levels are most likely caused by:
a. Acute hypoxic hepatic injury
b. Obstruction of the biliary tract
c. Intravascular hemolysis
Question 30: Venous obstruction is generally less likely to cause tissue injury than arterial obstruction
because:
a. Veins are smaller than arteries
b. There is a greater availability of collateral vessels in the venous system
, PATH 3610 Midterm Testbanks
c. Venous obstruction develops more slowly
Question 31: The pallor and coolness of the skin seen in acute shock is the result of:
a. Diversion of blood flow from central essential organs
b. Constriction of peripheral vessels
c. Pooling of blood in abdominal vessels
Question 32: The sodium and water retention which occurs in heart failure is the result of:
a. Aldosterone causing increased sodium resorption by the kidney distal tubules
b. Increased glomerular filtration pressure causing aldosterone production
c. Decreased glomerular filtration pressure causing decreased renin production
Question 33: A person or animal in right-sided heart failure may show:
a. Pulmonary venous congestion
b. Pulmonary edema
c. Hepatic congestion
Question 34: A localized area of necrosis resulting from inadequate blood supply to tissues is termed:
a. Ischemia
b. Infarction
c. Hypoxia
Question 35: A large thrombus has developed in the renal artery (the main artery supplying the kidney). If
portions of this thrombus were to break free and embolize, infarcts could occur in the:
a. Lung
b. Kidney
c. Peripheral tissues
Question 36: Shock due to peripheral vasodilation may be caused by:
a. Extensive hemorrhage (e.g., secondary to trauma)
b. Severe gastrointestinal disease with vomiting and diarrhea
c. Sepsis
Question 37: A venous infarct may be:
a. Pale because of lack of oxygenated blood in the affected area
b. Hemorrhagic, due to hypoxic endothelial injury
c. Of minor significance, because collateral circulation can always compensate
Question 38: Tissues which are very susceptible to ischemia are the:
a. Brain and heart
b. Kidney
c. Skeletal muscles
Question 39: The tendency to bleed excessively following minor trauma is the hallmark of:
a. Coagulation disorders
b. Platelet disorders
c. DIC
Question 40: A free-floating intravascular mass carried within the blood stream to another site is termed a:
a. Embolus
b. Thrombus
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