Exam (elaborations)

PATH 3610 Midterm Testbank - All Midterm Exam Questions and Answers

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University of Guelph

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University Of Guelph (U Of G )

ATH 3610 Midterm Testbanks Midterm 1 Question 1: The release of cytoplasmic enzymes from necrotic cells may be useful diagnostically. a. True b. False Question 2: Bilirubin is: a. Lipid soluble when conjugated b. Water soluble when conjugated c. Conjugated in the kidney for excretion in the...

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principles of disease
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PATH 3610 Midterm Testbanks

Midterm 1

Question 1: The release of cytoplasmic enzymes from necrotic cells may be useful diagnostically.
a. True
b. False

Question 2: Bilirubin is:
a. Lipid soluble when conjugated
b. Water soluble when conjugated
c. Conjugated in the kidney for excretion in the urine

Question 3: Agents such as radiation, mutagenic drugs and viruses can lead to acquired DNA
abnormalities. Damage to cells such as blood cell precursors in the bone marrow is the result of:
a. Failed synthesis of structural proteins
b. Failure of growth regulating proteins
c. Interference with mitosis

Question 4: Free radicals can impair cell membrane function by causing:
a. Lesions in DNA
b. Lipid peroxidation
c. Protein cross-linking

Question 5: Anemia will lead to impaired energy production by the cell because there is:
a. Insufficient oxygen
b. Low glucose levels
c. Enzyme inhibition

Question 6: The primary change in hemolytic jaundice is:
a. Inadequate bilirubin excretion
b. Increased production of bilirubin
c. Serum accumulation of conjugated bilirubin

Question 7: Triglyceride accumulation in the cytoplasm of parenchymal cells (such as the liver) is termed:
a. Cytoplasm vacuolation
b. Hyperglycemia
c. Fatty degeneration

Question 8: Hypoxia, leading to impaired energy production by the cell, may be caused by:
a. Anemia
b. Low blood glucose levels
c. Inhibition of respiratory enzymes

Question 9: Death of cells in a living organism is termed:
a. Gangrene
b. Necrosis
c. Ischemia

Question 10: Starvation can lead to the development of fatty liver.
a. True
b. False

,PATH 3610 Midterm Testbanks

Question 11: Cloudy swelling is the result of:
a. Intracellular accumulation of fluid and electrolytes
b. Decreased intracellular pH
c. Triglyceride accumulation

Question 12: The most definitive microscopic evidence of cell necrosis is:
a. Homogenous, more deeply staining cytoplasm
b. Cytoplasmic vacuolation
c. Nuclear pyknosis and karrhyorhexis

Question 13: Chronic over-consumption of alcohol can lead to fatty liver due to:
a. Decreased oxidation of triglycerides
b. Increased activity of hepatic enzyme systems, leading to increased conversion of fatty acids
to triglycerides
c. Decreased mobilization of adipose tissue due to decreased alcoholic caloric consumption

Question 14: The colour changes in a bruise are related to:
a. Necrosis of tissue
b. Synthesis of hemoglobin
c. Breakdown of hemoglobin

Question 15: Dystrophic calcification refers to abnormal deposition of calcium salts:
a. In dead or dying tissues
b. In tissues due to high serum calcium levels
c. Associated with inherited calcium metabolic disorders

Question 16: Cellular injury can result when bilirubin accumulates in:
a. Parenchymal cells (such as the liver or brain)
b. Connective tissue
c. Skin

Question 17: A myocardial infarct is seen as a dry, well demarcated area of pale tissue. This would be
described as:
a. Coagulation necrosis
b. Caseation necrosis
c. An abscess

Question 18: Local death of a cell or cells due to injury is known as:
a. Ischemia
b. Necrosis
c. Infarction

Question 19: Swelling of mitochondria caused by impaired cell energy production can cause:
a. Cloudy or vacuolar cytoplasmic changes
b. Increased oxidative phosphorylation
c. Acceleration of ATP synthesis

Question 20: Alcohol consumption can lead to fatty liver change by:
a. Decreasing hepatic oxidation of triglycerides
b. Decreasing mobilization of adipose tissue due to increased caloric (alcohol) intake
c. Induction of enzymes to increase fatty acid conversion into triglycerides

,PATH 3610 Midterm Testbanks

Question 21: Which of the following microscopic features is the best indicator of necrosis?
a. Cytoplasmic swelling
b. Blurring and/or loss of cellular outlines
c. Nuclear pyknosis, karyorrhexis or karyolysis

Question 22: Free radicals generated within cells are unstable and can lead to:
a. Stabilization of lipid membranes
b. Break down of protein cross-links
c. Degradation of nucleic acids

Question 23: The switch of cells from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism can cause:
a. Stabilization of organelle membranes
b. Damage to lysosomal membranes, potentially worsening cell injury
c. Acetic acid production

Question 24: Which of the following is not a post-mortem change?
a. Hemorrhage
b. Rigor mortis
c. Settling of blood in dependent parts, termed "lividity"

Question 25: Apoptosis refers to:
a. The internalization of material by a cell
b. Disintegration of tissues which occurs after death
c. Programmed cell death
NOTE: this question is also seen with different MC options but ‘programmed cell death to remove ‘old’
cells” remains as the correct answer

Question 26: Which of the following is not a cause of impaired cell energy production?
a. Hyperglycemia
b. Respiratory obstruction or disease
c. Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation

Question 27: Which of the following is true of jaundice?
a. Only adipose tissue displays yellow discolouration
b. It is only a disease of the liver
c. It can occur secondary to widespread hemolysis of red blood cells

Question 28: Regional tissue necrosis due to ischemia, followed by secondary bacterial infection defines:
a. Autolysis
b. Putrefaction
c. Gangrene

Question 29: Elevated conjugated serum bilirubin levels are most likely caused by:
a. Acute hypoxic hepatic injury
b. Obstruction of the biliary tract
c. Intravascular hemolysis

Question 30: Venous obstruction is generally less likely to cause tissue injury than arterial obstruction
because:
a. Veins are smaller than arteries
b. There is a greater availability of collateral vessels in the venous system

, PATH 3610 Midterm Testbanks

c. Venous obstruction develops more slowly

Question 31: The pallor and coolness of the skin seen in acute shock is the result of:
a. Diversion of blood flow from central essential organs
b. Constriction of peripheral vessels
c. Pooling of blood in abdominal vessels

Question 32: The sodium and water retention which occurs in heart failure is the result of:
a. Aldosterone causing increased sodium resorption by the kidney distal tubules
b. Increased glomerular filtration pressure causing aldosterone production
c. Decreased glomerular filtration pressure causing decreased renin production

Question 33: A person or animal in right-sided heart failure may show:
a. Pulmonary venous congestion
b. Pulmonary edema
c. Hepatic congestion

Question 34: A localized area of necrosis resulting from inadequate blood supply to tissues is termed:
a. Ischemia
b. Infarction
c. Hypoxia

Question 35: A large thrombus has developed in the renal artery (the main artery supplying the kidney). If
portions of this thrombus were to break free and embolize, infarcts could occur in the:
a. Lung
b. Kidney
c. Peripheral tissues

Question 36: Shock due to peripheral vasodilation may be caused by:
a. Extensive hemorrhage (e.g., secondary to trauma)
b. Severe gastrointestinal disease with vomiting and diarrhea
c. Sepsis

Question 37: A venous infarct may be:
a. Pale because of lack of oxygenated blood in the affected area
b. Hemorrhagic, due to hypoxic endothelial injury
c. Of minor significance, because collateral circulation can always compensate

Question 38: Tissues which are very susceptible to ischemia are the:
a. Brain and heart
b. Kidney
c. Skeletal muscles

Question 39: The tendency to bleed excessively following minor trauma is the hallmark of:
a. Coagulation disorders
b. Platelet disorders
c. DIC

Question 40: A free-floating intravascular mass carried within the blood stream to another site is termed a:
a. Embolus
b. Thrombus

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