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Summary

Samenvatting edelstenen

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Samenvatting van 5 pagina's voor het vak Materiaal en technieken aan de KU Leuven (samenvatting)

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  • January 18, 2017
  • 5
  • 2015/2016
  • Summary
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EDELSTENEN, HALFEDELSTENEN, KORAAL

Diamant

Mineraal
 zuivere koolstof die gekristalliseerd is
 driedimensionaal kristalrooster waarbij elk atoom telkens a 4 andere atomen gebonden is
 hardheid 10 op mohsschaal
o hardst gekende materiaal
o enkel mt andere diamant bewerkbaar
 kristalvormen
o octaëder
o dodecaëder
o kubus
o macles
 kleur:
o perfecte diamanten: kleurloos
o structuurafwijkingen in kristalrooster: bruin, roze, blauw, groen, groenachtig geel, geel, grijs
o glessen en insluitsels: zwart

Vindplaats
 ontstaat in de aarde:
o diepte v 150-200 km
o zeer hooge druk
o zeer hoge temperatuur
 hiërarchie:
o primaire vindplaats:
 blue ground of kimberliet (stollingsgesteente ve vulkaan)
 yellow ground (omgeving vd krater)
o secundaire vindplaats: rivieren
o tertiaire vindplaats: kuststreken & zeebodem
 historiek:
o Indië
o Brazilië
o Zuid-Afrika
 Big Hole vd Kimberlyemijn
 De Beers mining Company & De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd.
o Rusland
o China
o Australië

Ontginning
 ontginningswijze verschilt naargelang vindplaats
 primaire vindplaatsen:
o vroeger: los gekapt & mt emmers via ladders of mt kabels nr boven gebracht
o nu:
 open cast mining:
 grond doen springen
 trapsgewijs & steeds dieper uitgraven mt graafmachines
 gesteente nr wasplaatsen brengen mt tractors
 block caving-methode:
 ronde pijpen graven op diepte v 120-180m
 grond doen springen
 gesteente mt elektrische treintjes nr boven gebracht
 combinatie open cast mining & block caving-methode
 secundaire vindplaatsen:
o vroeger: mt zeef (enkel in droogseizoen)

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