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Criminaliteit en Politiek samenvatting (18/20 behaald)
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Samenvatting van alle hoorcolleges en gastcollege met notities. (excl de bijbehorende teksten) Met deze samenvatting te leren behaalde ik 18/20.
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Pagina 1 van 146,Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Doelstelling.........................................................................................................................................................7
Schriftelijk examen..............................................................................................................................................7
1. Politiek en criminaliteit............................................................................................................................ 8
1.1. Transformatie van de Politiek......................................................................................................................8
1.1.1. Verplaatsing van de politiek..................................................................................................................9
1.1.2. Heteronomie.......................................................................................................................................10
1.1.3. Recontextualisering............................................................................................................................10
1.1.4. Representatiepolitiek..........................................................................................................................11
1.2. Transformaties in de aanpak van criminaliteit..........................................................................................11
1.2.1. David Garland (1955)..........................................................................................................................11
1.2.1.1. The culture of control..................................................................................................................12
1.2.1.2. Wat is die nieuwe collectieve ervaring?......................................................................................12
1.2.1.3. Hoe is de criminaliteitscontrole concreet veranderd?................................................................13
1.2.1.3.1. Adaptieve strategieën...........................................................................................................14
1.2.1.3.2. Niet-adaptieve strategieën...................................................................................................15
1.2.1.4. Een nieuwe criminaliteitscontrole...............................................................................................15
1.2.2. Transformaties in bELGIË (1970-2014)...............................................................................................15
1.2.3. Francis Fukuyama: The end of history and the last man (1992).........................................................17
1.2.3.1. Een crisis van de democratie?.....................................................................................................17
1.2.3.2. Een democratisch deficit..............................................................................................................18
1.2.3.3. Een snel veranderende samenleving...........................................................................................18
1.2.3.4. Een evolutie naar meer progressieve opvattingen......................................................................19
1.2.3.5. Een culturele terugslag................................................................................................................19
1.2.3.6. Autoritair-populisme....................................................................................................................20
1.2.3.7. De autoritaire dreiging.................................................................................................................20
1.2.3.8. Democratieën zijn niet vanzelfsprekend.....................................................................................21
1.2.3.9. Hoe democratiën sterven............................................................................................................21
1.3. Samenvatting vorige les.............................................................................................................................22
2. Historiek en achtergronden.................................................................................................................... 24
2.1. In deze les zien we…...................................................................................................................................24
2.2. sTRAFRECHTELIJK BELEID >< cRIMINELE POLITIEK....................................................................................24
2.3. Een eigen strafwet en handhavingsapparaat...........................................................................................24
2.4. Evolutie naar een daderbeleid...................................................................................................................26
2.4.1. adolphe Prins (1845 – 1919)...............................................................................................................27
2.4.2. Jules Lejeune (1828 – 1911)................................................................................................................27
2.4.3. Henri Carton de Wiart (1869 – 1951).................................................................................................27
2.4.4. Emile Vandervelde (1866 – 1938).......................................................................................................27
2.4.5. Paul-Emile jANSON (1872 – 1944)......................................................................................................27
Pagina 2 van 146
, 2.5. eVOLUTIE NAAR EEN DADERBELEID..........................................................................................................27
2.6. Naar een nieuw daderbeleid......................................................................................................................28
2.6.1. Consociationalisme.............................................................................................................................30
2.7. 1968 – 1978: onrust over Justitie, maar niet in politieke kringen.............................................................31
2.8. Samenvatting vorige les.............................................................................................................................32
3. De weg naar Octopus............................................................................................................................. 33
3.1. In deze les zien we…...................................................................................................................................33
3.2. 1979 – 1987: justitie zakt nog dieper op de politieke agenda...................................................................33
3.3. De criminele jaren ’80: het belang van incidenten en crisissen.................................................................35
3.3.1. De zaak Horion....................................................................................................................................35
3.3.2. War on drugs.......................................................................................................................................37
3.3.3. Cellules communistes combattantes (ccc)..........................................................................................38
3.3.4. Bende van Nijvel.................................................................................................................................38
3.3.5. Heizeldrama........................................................................................................................................39
3.3.6. Bende Haemers...................................................................................................................................40
3.4. Rapport van de Bendecommissie I.............................................................................................................41
3.5. Samenvatting vorige les.............................................................................................................................42
3.6. 1988-1996: de weg van de geleidelijkheid................................................................................................43
3.6.1. In deze les............................................................................................................................................43
3.6.2. 1988 – zomer 1996: een eerste correctie...........................................................................................43
3.7. Bendecommissie I......................................................................................................................................47
3.8. Pinksterplan...............................................................................................................................................47
3.9. Zwarte zondag...........................................................................................................................................47
3.10. Regering Dehaene I..................................................................................................................................48
3.10.1. Parlementaire onderzoekscommissie: mensenhandel.....................................................................48
3.10.2. De zaak Agusta-Dassault...................................................................................................................49
3.11. Regering Dehaene II.................................................................................................................................50
3.12. De zaak Dutroux......................................................................................................................................51
3.12.1. Verslag van de commissie Dutroux (1997).......................................................................................51
3.12.2. De ontsnapping van Marc Dutroux...................................................................................................51
3.13. Octopusakkoord over hervormingen bij politie en justitie......................................................................52
3.13.1. Een geïntegreerde politie, gestructureerd op twee niveaus............................................................52
3.13.2. Niveau Parket...................................................................................................................................52
3.14. Reflexieve veiligheid................................................................................................................................52
3.15. Populisme.................................................................................................................................................53
3.15.1. Populisme en democratie.................................................................................................................54
3.16. Samenvatting vorige les...........................................................................................................................55
4. Nieuwe kaders voor een geïntegreerd en integraal beleid......................................................................56
Pagina 3 van 146
, 4.1. In deze les…................................................................................................................................................56
4.2. Stabiliteit en verandering..........................................................................................................................56
4.3. Het regeerakkoord van de regering Verhofstadt I.....................................................................................58
4.3.1. Het veiligheids- en detentieplan (opname)........................................................................................58
4.4. Regering Verhofstadt II..............................................................................................................................58
4.4.1. Regeerakkoord....................................................................................................................................59
4.4.2. Themisplan..........................................................................................................................................60
4.4.3. Kadernota integrale veiligheid (2004)................................................................................................61
4.5. De regeringen Leterme en Van Rompuy....................................................................................................62
4.5.1. Tien jaar Octopus (2008).....................................................................................................................63
4.5.2. De regeringen Leterme en Van Rompuy.............................................................................................64
4.6. Regering Di Rupo.......................................................................................................................................64
4.7. Samenvatting vorige les.............................................................................................................................64
5. Ambities voor justitie en uitdagingen voor veiligheid..............................................................................65
5.1. In deze les…................................................................................................................................................65
5.2. Regering mICHEL i (EN ii)...........................................................................................................................65
5.3. Regering Wilmès II.....................................................................................................................................71
5.4. Regering De Croo.......................................................................................................................................72
5.5. Kadernota Integrale veiligheid (2022-2024)..............................................................................................72
6. Politieke ideologie................................................................................................................................. 75
6.1. In deze les…................................................................................................................................................75
6.2. Liberalisme.................................................................................................................................................75
6.2.1. Meta-ideologie....................................................................................................................................75
6.2.2. Kernidee: menselijke vrijheid..............................................................................................................75
6.2.2.1. Bescherming van de rechten van het individu............................................................................76
6.2.3. Economische vrijheid..........................................................................................................................76
6.2.4. Kernconcepten....................................................................................................................................77
6.2.5. Diverse stromingen.............................................................................................................................79
6.3. Conservatisme...........................................................................................................................................79
6.3.1. Menselijke beperkingen benadrukken...............................................................................................79
6.3.2. Afkeer van revolutie en behoud van traditie......................................................................................79
6.3.3. kERNCONCEPTEN................................................................................................................................79
6.3.4. vERSCHILLENDE VERSCHIJNINGSVORMEN.........................................................................................80
6.4. cHRISTENDEMOCRATIE..............................................................................................................................80
6.4.1. Pragmatisch of paternalistisch conservatisme...................................................................................80
6.4.2. Sociale leer van de kerk......................................................................................................................80
6.4.3. Kernconcepten van de christendemocratie........................................................................................81
6.5. Socialisme..................................................................................................................................................81
6.5.1. Industriële revolutie............................................................................................................................81
Pagina 4 van 146
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