EDF 6225 Final Exam 2023 with complete solution
conditioned punisher
A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a punisher because of prior pairing with one or more other punishers.
unconditioned punisher
A stimulus that, usually, is punishing without any prior learning.
conditio...
EDF 6225 Final Exam 2023 with complete solution
conditioned punisher
A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a punisher because of prior
pairing with one or more other punishers.
unconditioned punisher
A stimulus that, usually, is punishing without any prior learning.
conditioned reinforcer
a stimulus that has acquired reinforcing properties through prior learning
Unconditioned Reinforcer
A stimulus that, usually, is reinforcing without any prior learning.
Side effects of punishment
May lead to an increase in other undesirable behavior.
Can lead to problems such as escape & avoidance, emotional outbursts, and behavioral
contrast.
Reinforcer
any event that strengthens the behavior it follows
Punisher
A stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of behavior that immediately
precedes it.
Hernstein's Matching Law
suggests that when different schedules of reinforcement are available at the same time
for different behaviors, individuals will distribute their behavior according to the relative
rates of reinforcement available for each option.
antecedent, behavior, consequence
The three-term contingency is made of these three terms:
antecedent
is the environmental conditions or stimulus changes that exist or occur prior to the
behavior of interest.
behavior
An organism's interaction with the environment.
consequence
is anything immediately following a behavior in which we are interested. Makes the
behavior more or less likely to happen in the future.
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
is the antecedent stimulus that has stimulus control over behavior because the behavior
was reliably reinforced in the presence of that stimulus in the past. It signals the
availability of a particular reinforcer for a particular behavior.
Motivating Operation (MO)
influences the effectiveness of a reinforcer or punisher while also influencing the
frequency of the specific behavior.
Premack Principle
Some professionals will also refer to this technique as "First/Then", "If/Then", or "High
Probability/Low Probability."
Automatic Reinforcement
, reinforcement that occurs independent of the social mediation of others.
when a person's behavior creates a favorable outcome without the involvement of
another person.
Response
An action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus.
Is a single instance of behavior.
respondent behavior
is defined as behavior that is elicited by antecedent stimuli.
It is induced, or brought out, by a stimulus that precedes the behavior: nothing else is
required for the response to occur.
i.e. bright light in the eyes (antecedent stimulus) will elicit pupil contraction.
operant behavior
Behavior that is selected, maintained, and brought under stimulus control as a function
of its consequences.
each person's repertoire of this type of behavior is a product of his history of interactions
with the environment
Radical Behaviorism (Skinner)
attempts to understand all human behavior, including private events such as thoughts
and feelings, in terms of controlling variables in the history of the person and the
species.
methodological behaviorism
a philosophical position that views behavioral events that cannot be publicly observed
as outside the realm of science.
It acknowledges the existence of mental events but do not consider them in the analysis
of behavior.
Independent Variable (IV)
The variable that is systematically manipulated by the researcher in an experiment to
see whether changes in this variable will produce reliable changes in the dependent
variable.
In applied behavior analysis, it is usually an environment event or condition antecedent
or consequent to the dependent variable. (sometimes called the intervention or
treatment variable)
Dependent Variable (DV)
The measured behavior in an experiment to determine if it changes as a result of
manipulations of the independent variable; in applied behavior analysis, it represents
some measure of a socially significant behavior. (Target behavior)
Scientific Attitudes (Skinner..DEERPP)
Determinism,
Empiricism,
Experimentation,
Replication,
Parsimony,
Philosophic Doubt.
Determinism
assumes that all behavior is the result of certain events. Once these events are
identified, future occurrences of a behavior can be modified.
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