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Summary Taylor - Multiculturalism

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Summary study book Multiculturalism of Charles Taylor, Amy Gutmann - ISBN: 9780691037790, Edition: 1, Year of publication: augustus 1 (4 pages.)

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  • January 20, 2017
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Samenvatting Charles Taylor – Multiculturalism
The Politics of Recognition

I – The Emergence of Authenticity
 The demand for recognition serves as driving force for political nationalist movements.
 It is common among minority groups due to the link between recognition and identity.
o Identity: person’s understanding of who they are, their fundamental characteristics.
o It is partly shaped by (mis)recognition of others which in the worst case can lead to
harm, oppression and the feeling of a reduced mode of being.
o F.e. women adopt an internal image of their own inferiority in patriarchal societies,
making it impossible to advance even when the barriers are removed.
 Two developments led to the focus on identity and recognition:

1. Collapse of social hierarchies, which used to be the basis for honour (inequality).
o It was replaced by dignity in the universalist and egalitarian sense (equality).
o This required a democratic culture with equal recognition of all
 Identity was individualized, particular to me with an inner voice.
o Originally this inner voice bestows us with right and wrong, not mere calculation.
 F.e. God as moral authority, following him is all to be a full human being.
o With dignity came the idea that morals are something to one needs to acquire to be
a full human being, making feelings independent and of crucial moral significance.
 Rousseau: moral salvation comes from authentic moral contact with ourselves.
 Herder: each person has his own “measure”, a self-appointed moral significance.
o The level of contact with this is determined by outside pressures of conformity and
the internal risk of becoming too instrumental.
o Being true to oneself is to be true to one’s own originality, to be discovered by self.
 Herder also applies this to culture as a whole.

2. In the time of social hierarchies identity was fixed by an individual’s social position
o When authenticity emerges it allows one to discover the own original way of being.
 The human life has a dialogical character. Identity is expressed through human “languages”.
o These languages are learned through interaction with significant others.
o Our identity is defined in dialogue/conflict with significant others.
o This goes against the monological ideal to confine one to the genesis (parents).
o Humans should strive for the broadest possible definition so that relationships fulfil
but not define ourselves (f.e. getting control over the influence of one’s parents).
 This dependence on others existed before the emergence of authenticity, but recognition
there was built into the socially derived identity that everyone took for granted.
o Internally derived original identity lacks this recognition and a person can only win it
through exchange, if at all. Before it was too unproblematic to be thematized.
 Rousseau: criticizes hierarchical honour (corruption) in favour of a republican society in
which all share equally in the light of public attention.
 This is true both on a intimate and social level:
o Intimate: identity is vulnerable to recognition given or withheld by significant others.
o Social: politics of equal recognition demand a healthy democratic society.

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