-Explosions - -Dust explosions: most often occur in confined areas of relatively wide
dispersal.
-Explosions - -Search 1.5 times further than the farthest piece of debris.
-Fire effects/ fire patterns - -Char shrinks as it forms. More reliable for evaluating fire
spread, deduce the direction based on depth, large shiny blisters (alligatoring) is not
evidence of the use of an accelerant.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Spalling: loss of surface material due to cracking, breaking,
chipping, breakdown in surface tensile strength, moisture present in the concrete, may
appear lighter in color.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Crazed glass: caused by rapid cooling.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Light bulbs 25W or more "pull" (gases expand and bubble
out); 25W or less contain a vacuum and can pull in.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Annealing (softening) of springs may provide clues
concerning direction, duration, and intensity.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Saddle burns - A U-shaped burn pattern found on the top
of floor joists, caused by fire burning down through the floor. Often, a saddle burn is
caused by a burning liquid on the floor or radiant heat from a material close to the floor.
Saddle burns display deep charring.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Inverted cone burns are indicative of the vertical flame
plume not reaching the ceiling, short-lived fires with a low HRR
-Heat Sources - -Mechanical: converted to heat when two materials rub against each
other and create friction.
Chemical: chemical reaction; exothermic and endothermic.
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