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Parliament consists of: KEY PRINCIPLE: in a democracy laws should be made by the elected representatives of society
The house of commons House of commons – elected body (we choose them)
The house of lords The house of lords – non-elected body (chose by the MP)
The monarchy
Political influence Lobbyists
-All political parties publish a list of reforms the -Trying to persuade individual MPs to support
would carry out if they were elected as the next
government (manifesto) -Members meet MPs in the lobbies to House of
Commons
-At the opening of each session of parliament the
government announces its plan for new laws in -Try to persuade MP who has won a place in the
session ballot to promote a bill on issues concerned
Where there is When the government Bring issues to the Using professional
coalition government have very small attention of lobbyist can lead to an
then they will have to majority it may be government abuse of the process
compromise on what restricted in the laws System can be used by Bribes may be taken
policies are followed it can propose anyone
Pressure groups Public opinion/media
-Groups which have particular interest -Where there is strong public opinion about a
change to the law, the government may bow to
-They try to bring matters they are interested into
such opinion (more likely towards the end of the
the attention of public and government
term)
2 types:
-The media brings public opinion to attention of the
Introduction of a Sectional – particular section of society government
bill Cause – promote particular case
By ballot Caister access to Bias
2. ‘ten-minute rule’ Voice public opinion Government can ignore information
Stand out to others to Two groups may have Everyone can voice an Deep fate – ruin
raise awareness conflicting views opinion someone’s reputation
Public bills – will affect either the whole country or a large section of it e.g. Equality Act
Pre legislative process Private bills - affect only individual people or corporations e.g. animal welfare
-A green paper Hybrid bills – cross between public and private e.g The construction of the channel tunnel
Consultative document on a atopic with
outline of proposals of reform
-A white paper Role of Hol and Hoc Role of the crown:
Firm proposals for a new law or will go ahead The Hoc propose most bills, if the -Final stage where the monarch formally gives
with the draft legislation HoL votes against a bill it ends approval of the Bill
there. -Now a formality under Royal Assent Act 1967
Legislative stages in HoL and HoC
Commence of an Act:
First reading – name and main aims of bill read out
-Following Royal Assent, the Act of Parliament will
Second reading – main debate on the whole bill
come into force on midnight of that day, unless
Committee stage – detailed examination of each stage
another date ahs been set
Report stage – committee reports back on any amendments
-However very few are implemented immediately.
Third reading – final vote
Instead the Act itself states the date when it will
The House of Lords – if started in Hoc now passed to the Hol same 5
commence or passes responsibly on the appropriate
stages repeated
minister
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