Stadscriminaliteit en lokaal veiligheidsbeleid (C09C4A)
Summary
Samenvatting Stadscriminaliteit en lokaal veiligheidsbeleid
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Course
Stadscriminaliteit en lokaal veiligheidsbeleid (C09C4A)
Institution
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
Dit is een samenvatting van het vak Stadscriminaliteit en lokaal veiligheidsbeleid van L. Paoli, gegeven in de Master Criminologische wetenschappen aan KU Leuven. Deze samenvatting is gebaseerd op de lessen en PPT's.
STADSCRIMINALITEIT EN LOKAAL
VEILIGHEIDSBELEID
SAMENVATTING
PROF. LETIZIA PAOLI
MASTER CRIMINOLOGISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN, TWEEDE SEMESTER
,
,INHOUDSOPGAVE
H1 – Inleiding: de stad, stadscriminaliteit en het lokale veiligheidsbeleid ....................................... 1
1.1 Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 De stad........................................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Stadscriminaliteit en het verband stad – criminaliteit .................................................................. 6
1.4 Het lokale veiligheidsbeleid........................................................................................................... 7
1.5 Conclusie ....................................................................................................................................... 9
H2 – Stadscriminologie en criminologie: omgevingscriminologie, criminaliteitspreventie en culturele
criminologie ............................................................................................................................... 10
2.1 Het verband tussen stad en criminaliteit in de criminologie: een overzicht en de eerste studies
........................................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2 Omgevingscriminologie en situationele criminaliteitspreventie ................................................ 11
2.2.1 Omgevingscriminologie ........................................................................................................ 11
2.2.2 Situationele criminaliteitspreventie ..................................................................................... 13
2.3 Crime mapping, hot spots en hot spots policing ......................................................................... 16
2.4 Hoe interventies evalueren? ....................................................................................................... 19
2.5 De kritieken en aanpak van de culturele criminologie ................................................................ 21
2.5.1 De kritieken en aanpak van de culturele criminologie ......................................................... 21
2.5.2 Voorbeeld: “The gang game: The myth and seduction of gangs” – Dr. Elke van Hellemont23
2.6 Conclusie ..................................................................................................................................... 24
H3 – Veiligheid en veiligheidsbeleid: de “governance of security” en de rol van steden ................ 26
3.1 Veiligheid: wat is het precies? ..................................................................................................... 26
3.1.1 Boutellier .............................................................................................................................. 26
3.1.2 Zedner .................................................................................................................................. 27
3.1.3 Greenfield en Paoli ............................................................................................................... 28
3.1.4 VN ......................................................................................................................................... 29
3.2 De governance of security en smart cities .................................................................................. 29
3.2.1 Governance of security ........................................................................................................ 29
3.2.2 Smart cities ........................................................................................................................... 31
3.3 De opkomst en inhoud van het veiligheidsbeleid ....................................................................... 32
3.4 Integraal veiligheidsbeleid in België ............................................................................................ 33
3.4.1 Weg naar het integraal veiligheidsbeleid ............................................................................. 33
3.4.2 Bevordering bestuurlijke aanpak in KIV 2022-2024 ............................................................. 38
3.4.3 Enkele kanttekeningen van veiligheidsplannen ................................................................... 39
3.5 Conclusie ..................................................................................................................................... 40
H4 – Het veiligheidsbeleid in Europese steden ............................................................................ 41
4.1 Policing Europese metropolen .................................................................................................... 41
4.1.1 Europese metropolen........................................................................................................... 41
4.1.2 Vergelijkende analyse........................................................................................................... 42
4.2 Het beleid in Mechelen en Rotterdam ........................................................................................ 45
4.3 Andere initiatieven uit Nederland ............................................................................................... 46
4.4 Vergelijking België – Nederland .................................................................................................. 47
4.5 Conclusie ..................................................................................................................................... 48
, H5 – Bestuurlijke aanpak van georganiseerde criminaliteit .......................................................... 49
5.1 Concept ....................................................................................................................................... 49
5.2 Georganiseerde criminaliteit ....................................................................................................... 49
5.2.1 Georganiseerde overheid ..................................................................................................... 50
5.2.2 Methodiek ............................................................................................................................ 50
5.3 Olievlek-principe.......................................................................................................................... 51
5.4 Casussen ...................................................................................................................................... 52
5.4.1 Casus huisjesmelkerij ........................................................................................................... 52
5.4.2 Casus clubhuis criminele motorbende ................................................................................. 52
5.4.3 Casus mensenhandel in carwashes ...................................................................................... 53
5.4.4 Andere casussen ................................................................................................................... 54
H6 – Globale Zuiden: de gevallen van Medellín en Kaapstad ........................................................ 56
6.1 Medellin (Colombia) .................................................................................................................... 56
6.1.1 Introductie ............................................................................................................................ 56
6.1.2 Drijfveren .............................................................................................................................. 57
6.1.3 Overgang .............................................................................................................................. 59
6.2 Kaapstad (Zuid-Afrika) ................................................................................................................. 60
6.2.1 Introductie ............................................................................................................................ 60
6.2.2 Kaapse bendes (Cape Town Gangs) – Kim Thomas .............................................................. 61
6.3 Conclusie ..................................................................................................................................... 65
H7 – Criminaliteit en criminaliteitscontrole in Amerikaanse steden: het geval van New York City . 66
7.1 Enkele statistieken....................................................................................................................... 66
7.2 Waarom is de criminaliteit in NY sterker gedaald dan in de rest van de VS? ............................. 68
7.3 Zimrings’ lessen uit NY ................................................................................................................ 72
7.4 Alles goed dan? De donkere kant van de politie in de VS ........................................................... 73
7.4.1 Probleemschets .................................................................................................................... 73
7.4.2 Bijdragende factoren voor politiegeweld in VS .................................................................... 75
7.5 Conclusie ..................................................................................................................................... 78
H8 – Het station in de stad: van transitzone naar criminogene ontmoetingsplaats ....................... 79
8.1 De complexiteit van de publieke ruimte ..................................................................................... 79
8.1.1 De publieke ruimte ............................................................................................................... 79
8.1.2 De publieke ruimte in een netwerksamenleving ................................................................. 79
8.1.3 Het beheer en de controle van de publieke ruimte ............................................................. 79
8.2 De spoorwegen binnen de complexiteit dan de publieke ruimte ............................................... 80
8.2.1 Het spoorwegdomein: gekenmerkt door ervaring, beleving en betekenis ......................... 80
8.2.2 Het spoorwegdomein in een netwerksamenleving ............................................................. 81
8.2.3 Het beheer en de controle van het spoorwegdomein ......................................................... 81
8.2.4 Veiligheidsgevoel 2022 ......................................................................................................... 81
8.2.5 Methodologie ....................................................................................................................... 82
8.3 Veiligheid binnen het spoorwegdomein ..................................................................................... 82
8.3.1 Veiligheid binnen de risicomaatschappij .............................................................................. 82
8.4 Het spoorwegdomein en de criminaliteitsfenomenen ............................................................... 83
8.4.1 Criminaliteit op het spoorwegdomein ................................................................................. 83
8.4.2 Hotspotanalyse ..................................................................................................................... 84
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