MLS: Hematology|2023 LATEST UPDATE|GUARANTEED SUCCESS

Blood Composition - Plasma: liquid part of blood including clotting proteins - Cells: 1. Erythrocytes: RBCs 2. Leukocytes: WBCs 3. Thrombocytes: Platelets RBCs - red, biconcave disks - transports O2, CO2, buffer H+ - Average lifespan: 120 days WBCs - fights infections Granulocytes: - Neutrophil - Eosinophil - Basophil Agranulocytes: - Monocyte - Lymphocyte Thrombocytes (platelets) - small, bluish-purple, disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus - stops bleeding by forming a platelet plug (clot) and releasing coagulation factors Hematopoiesis - Blood Cell Formation - Occurs in bone marrow - Stimulated by erythropoietin Pluripotent Stem Cells - Precursors of all blood cells - Differentiates into specialized cells Myeloid Stem Cell - Erythrocytes and most white cells Lymphoid Stem Cell - Lymphocytes Blast Cells - First identifiable immature cells - Present in circulation in disease states - Continue to develop and mature before mature cells are released into circulation Bands - Precursors of neutrophils Anemia abnormal decrease in # of RBC or hemoglobin concentration Polycythemia abnormal increase in # of RBCs or hemoglobin concentration Lab tests useful for diagnosing RBC disorders - RBC count - Hgb: hemoglobin concentration - MCV: mean red blood cell volume - Hct: hematocrit= % of blood volume consisting of RBCs - Manual Blood Smear: morphology of RBCs Causes of Anemia - impaired production - increased destruction - blood loss How is anemia classified? - based on RBC size (indicated by MCV) 1. small, normal, large Iron Deficiency - decreased Hgb production - small RBCs; decreased MCV (80fL) - Morphology: microcytic, hypochromic RBCs B12/ Folate deficiency - decreased Hgb DNA duplication - large RBCs; increased MCV (100 fL) - Morphology: abnormally large and oval-shaped RBCs Sickle Cell - Abnormal Hemoglobin - Normal RBCs (normocytic) 80-100 fL - RBC count decreased - Hgb and normal MCV - Sickled RBCs Two types of polycythemia - increased RBC count, Hgb, and Hct - Primary: abnormalities in RBC production - Secondary: factors external to RBC production Poikilocytosis - abnormally shaped blood cells