Unit 30 - Lancastrians, Yorkists and Henry VII, 1399-1509
Summary
Summary Henry V and the conquest of France 1913 -21
2 views 0 purchase
Course
Unit 30 - Lancastrians, Yorkists and Henry VII, 1399-1509
Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)
This document provides a full summary of the chapter of Henry V and the conquest of France 1413-21. This is the breadth topic in Lancastrians and Yorkists option 30 Edexcel A level history. I used these notes in my mocks to get an A* predicted and have a place at Oxford for history
Unit 30 - Lancastrians, Yorkists and Henry VII, 1399-1509
All documents for this subject (42)
Seller
Follow
freyaurnes
Content preview
Henry V and the conquest of France, 1413-21
The significance of renewing the war with France
Henry V’s military and political experience prior to becoming king in 1413
- Henry was 26 when he came to the throne
- His prowess as a fighter was largely due to the time he spent in Wales, engaging in battles
against the rebels
- He also led troops in 1403 against Hotspur rebellion
- After Henry IV’s descent into illness in 1405 led to his son gaining an increasingly important
role in governing the realm as part of a council up until 1411
Background to the 1414 invasion
- Henry was keen to regain a number of territorial losses in France that had occurred under
his father
- Early in his reign, he sent ambassadors to the french king, claiming all territories that were
historically regarded english.
- Henry V also asked for the hand of Catherine of Valois, youngest daughter of the king
- These demands were all rejected by the french which led to Henry preparing a large invasion
force during 1414- 1415
Diplomacy and preparations for war, 1413-15
- Henry V was already a considerable military leader when he came to be king
- He was also politically astute and used carful diplomatic tactics to secure his kingdom as well
as to isolate France:
o Adopted a conciliatory attitude towards the Welsh – issuing pardons to former
rebels. This made attacks on welsh border less likely as well as increasing the
number of french men which would fight against France
o Henry rehabilitated the Percy power – permitting the heir of hotspur to inherit the
family estates. Reinstating the Percies increased security for the northern areas of
England
o Henry held King James I of Scotland as prisoner, had been captured in 1406
o In January 1414, Henry agreed 10 year truce with Duke of Brittany
Southampton plot
- In 1415, Henry was faced by a serious domestic threat to the throne in the form of the
Southampton plot
- This plot was led by the earl of Cambridge, Baron Scrope and Sir Thomas Grey
- They plotted to kill the king and put Edmund Mortimer, earl of March on the throne instead
- This plot involved Scottish and Welsh rebels, as well as Lollards
- Rumoured to have been funded by the French in hopes of preventing the invasion
- Henry was informed of the plot by Mortimer himself and was able to put the rebellion down
swiftly – executing the main perpetrators
The campaign of 1415
- Size of Henry’s army was between 10,500 to 12,000 fighting men
- His troops began by surrounding the port of Harfleur, both by land and sea placing it under
siege
- French initially resisted but surrendered on the 22 nd September 1415 – Henry left an English
Garrison to maintain control as the other troops continued
- Henry decided to march the troops to Calais – debated reasoning why one is that the troops
needed to rest before further fighting
, - There was the difficulty of crossing the River Somme and the French had taken a number of
precautions to prevent this
o Organised 6000 men to wait at most obvious points to cross forcing Henry’s troop to
march further upstream
o All bridges and crossing points were defended or or blocked
o French tracked enemy’s progress upstream and mirrored on opposite side of rive
- Releasing the problems faced, Herny pushed his troops hard to gain half a day march on the
french troops
- They found a causeway that had been broken but repaired it using materials they had on
hand
- By 19th October 1415, the english troops had crossed the Somme
The battle of Agincourt
- Took place on 24th October 1415
- Use of high proption of archers, 80% on leaving England were archers and by Agincourt
proportion was even higher
- Due to the landscape, the french who had a larger army chose the distorts choice of
attacking in close formation which led to them being grouped to tightly making it hard to
fight
- The presence of the French Cavalry at the back of troops also hindered the troops who
wished to fall back
- Towards the end of the battle, Henry feared further french reinforcements arid ordered that
all enemies taken prisoner should be killed
- The reinforcements did not arrive and the English victory was complet
- Henry’s army sustained relatively few losses around 1 – 300
- French lost, 11 magnates, 120 barons and 1500 knights
The significance of the 1415 French Campaign
- Following victory, Henry marched to Calais where they returned home to London
- Henry’s arrival on 23rd November 1415 involved large processions, pageants and feasting
- Henry’s victory brought much greater political success as well as reinforcing his divine right
to rule which made him drastically more popular
- The victory in France drastically reduced the threat of a french invasion and of french naval
raids
- Parliament, due to Henry’s success, were much more willing to provide him with financial
assistance and even before his arrival parliament had met and decided to grant him a
generous revenue from taxation.
Lollardy and Lollards
- Only permitted faith was that of the Roman Catholic Church
- A priest and an Oxford theologian called John Wycliffe had entered into royal service in
1370s and developed an association with John of Gaunt
- Wycliffe, in 1377, was charged with teaching a number of religious matters that contravened
those of the church
- Wycliffe’s theology contravened traditional church teachings in regard to wealth and
taxation, the authority of the pope and the role of the priest in sacraments
o Due to support from John of Gaunt, Wycliffe escaped punishment and died of
natural causes in 1384
- Wycliffes views gained a number of supporters who then became known as the Lollards
o Noted for translating the scriptures into english (bibles were largely in Latin)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller freyaurnes. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.31. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
