helps remove other forms of cholesterol in blood stream (uptakes) decrease risk fx
Hypertension - ✔✔-normal- less than 120(S) less than 80(D)
Prehypertension- 120-129 80-89
or on hypertension medications
stage 1: 140-159 /90-99 on 2 separate measurements
stage 2 >160/>100
stage 3-over 180/120 hypertensive crisis
Lipids - ✔✔-<100 LDL optimal
>190 very high (statin)
total cholesterol <200
>250 very high
Hdl <40 low
>60 good negative risk factor
triglycerides <150
,>500
diabetes - ✔✔-Type 1- autoimmune destruction of beta cells in pancreas (produces insulin) (external
insulin)
Type 2- lifestyle insulin resistant skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver (excess caloric intake requiring
more frequent insulin release(decrease BG) body becomes resistant to insulin or cannot enter the cell or
use it properly)
gestational diabetes- pregnant women
diabetes and exercise - ✔✔--Promotes movement of glucose into the cell
-Lowers blood glucose
-Lowers insulin needs
-enhances insulin sensitivity; cellular uptake of glucose that facilitates improved blood glucose control
beware of hypoglycemia in type 1; external insulin; consume carbohydrates before exercise if low b.g.
PFT (pulmonary function test) - ✔✔-FVC forced vital capacity(total amount of air exhaled)
FEV1 forced expiratory volume 1 sec(amount of air you can force from lungs 1 sec)
Fev1/FVC-proportion of a personals vital capacity(FVC) that they are able to expire in 1 sec (FEV1)
can help identify the presence of restrictive or obstruction respiratory abnormalities
normal 70-80% 65% older than 65
less than 70% (COPD, restrictive pattern)
60-69% moderate
50-59% moderately severe
35-49% severe
>34 severe obstruction/restrictive problem
Comprehensive health fitness evaluation - ✔✔-Informed consent and exercise preparticipation
screening
Preexercise evaluation
Resting measurements
,Circumference measurements and body composition analysis
CRF, muscular fitness and flexibility measurements
Risk versus potential benefits of health related physical fitness testing
cardiovascular regulation (intrinsic) - ✔✔-spontaneous rhythmicity- SA node generates and spread
action potential (electrical activity)
contractility- the greater the stretch the greater the contraction (frank starling)
Frank-Starling Mechanism - ✔✔-Greater EDV results in a more forceful contraction
Due to stretch of ventricles
cardiovascular regulation (extrinsic) - ✔✔-parasympathetic nervous system- cranial nerve X (vagus
nerve) release ACH at SA node; causes K+ channels to open K+ exits cell (hyperpolarization) decrease HR
and contractility below 100
Sympathetic nervous system- release norepinephrine causes CA+ to enter cell (depolarize) increase HR
and contractility
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