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CIV3701
Civil Procedure
PORTFOLIO MEMO
SEMESTER 1 - 2023
UNIQUE NUMBER: -
Due Date: - 17th June 2023
Includes Footnotes and/or Bibliography
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(a) Briefly explain in which important respects ADR processes are distinguished
from formal litigation. (6)
ADR processes are distinguished from formal litigation in the following important respects:
• Unlike the process of litigation which is based on strict rules of procedure for the conduct
of proceedings, ADR processes are informal as the disputants themselves determine the
rules for the specific process
• ADR processes are flexible in the sense that they can be adapted to suit the needs of
types of disputes, whereas litigation processes are not only formal, but highly technical
• Except where ADR processes are court connected, they are described as voluntary
because the disputants choose to enter the process, unlike in litigation
• In ADR processes the outcome is reached through the consent of both disputants (it is
thus consensual), whereas the outcome in litigation (typically the judgment) is imposed
on the litigants by a judicial officer (and is enforced by execution proceedings) • ADR
processes deal with the interests of the disputants, while in litigation the rights of litigants
are protected and enforced
• ADR processes emphasis the relationship between the disputants 9 is thus relational)
and strive to maintain such relationships. Litigation is often criticised for its adversarial
nature and the consequent breakdown in relationships that often occur.
• Apart from arbitration, ADR processes do not concentrate on and apportion blame for
past events, but rather seek to establish or re-establish future relationships between
disputants. It is thus future orientated. By contrast, the purpose of litigation is to obtain a
judgment against the litigant who caused the injury or other wrong.
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