Psychodynamic approach revision notes, summaries perfect for revision for exams. Focuses on the role of the unconscious, id, ego and superego, defence mechanisms, oedipus and electra complex, stage of psychosexual development and the evaluation points for this approach.
Psychodynamic Approach
Role of the Unconscious
Structure of personality
Id:
Ego:
Superego:
Ego Defence Mechanisms
Oedipus Complex
Electra Complex
Little Hans
Stages of Psychosexual Development
Evaluation of Psychodynamic Approach
Practical Applications
Explanatory Power
Gender-biased Approach
Unfalsifiable
Limited Empirical support - Little Hans
Describes different forces, most unconscious which operate in the mind and direct
human behaviour and experience. - Freud
Role of the Unconscious
The unaware part of the mind directs behaviour
Storehouse of biological drives/instincts influence behaviour/persona
Unconscious mind (UC) contains threatening and disturbing memories which
are repressed.
Preconscious mind contains parapraxes which are thoughts and ideas in
dreams or ‘the slip of the tongue’
Structure of personality
Id:
Unconscious containing the selfish and aggressive instincts and demand
immediate gratification
Psychodynamic Approach 1
, Present from birth
Pleasure principle
Ego:
Reality principle that balances conflicting demand between id and superego
Begins from age 2
Balance occurs via defence mechanisms
Superego:
Morality principle of the personality represents the idea self: conscience
Begins age 3-6
Usually from the moral standard of the same-sex parent
Wrong-doing punishments
Ego Defence Mechanisms
Unconscious strategies to manage the conflict and reduce anxiety
Denial - refusing the reality to avoid the painful feeling
Projection - Blaming others for the conflict
Repression - Unpleasant thoughts moved into the unconscious (motivated
forgetting)
Displacement - Redirecting onto a helpless object or victim
Regression - Portraying childish behaviour like bed wetting
Oedipus Complex
Castration Anxiety
Where the boy has feelings for his mum and murderous hatred for the dad he
views as a rival.
Fear of being castrated by the father results in the boys repressing their feelings
and identifying with the dad to take on gender role and moral values.
Electra Complex
Psychodynamic Approach 2
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