Samenvatting H5 "Biology A Global Approach, Global Edition", tenth edition
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Course
Biologie2
Institution
Hanzehogeschool Groningen (Hanze)
Book
Biology
Een samenvatting van hoofdstuk 5 van "Biology A Global Approach" de tiende druk van de global edition. Dit hoofdstuk gaat over de belangrijkste macromoleculen in ons lichaam.
Lipiden
- Macromoleculen, maar geen polymeren
- Hydrofoob: weinig affiniteit voor water
- Soorten:
Vetten
Fosfolipiden
Steroïden = hormonen
Eiwitten
- Monomeer: aminozuur
- Er zijn 20 verschillende aminozuren
- Eiwitten bestaan uit 1 of meer polymeren van aminozuren (polypeptiden)
Nucleïne zuren
- DNA (deoxyribonucleïnezuur): erfelijk genetisch materiaal.
1 chromosoom = 1 DNA molecuul (duizenden genen) mens 46 chromosomen.
- RNA (ribonucleïnezuur)
Wordt afgeschreven van het DNA (transcriptie)
- In eukaryotische cel: DNA (in de kern) mRNA (in de kern) mRNA verplaatst eiwit productie in
het cytoplasma
De chemische opbouw van de verschillende macromoleculen beschrijven:
Koolhydraten
- Typen koolhydraten:
Monosachariden (1 suiker molecuul = monomeer)
Variaties:
3 tot 7 koolstof atomen
Locatie carbonyl-groep: C=O
Ketose vs. Aldose (zie plaatje)
Oriëntatie hydroxylgroep: isoform
o Als de OH groep van het 1 na laatste koolstof
atoom (de anomerische C) aan de kant van
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