Eisenberg: Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology, 7th Edition with 100% correct questions and answers

Eisenberg: Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology, 7th Edition with 100% correct questions and answers Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment is: a. idiopathic. b. iatrogenic. c. neoplasia. d. community acquired. ANS: B A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment is iatrogenic. 2. A basic reaction of the body to some form of injury is a: a. disease process. b. pathology. c. study of diseases. d. idiopathic process. ANS: A A disease is the pattern of the body’s response to some form of injury. 3. What term is used to denote a disease in which the underlying cause is unknown? a. Idiopathic b. Antietiologic c. Iatrogenic d. Nosocomial ANS: A Idiopathic diseases are those with an unknown, or as of yet unidentified, cause. 4. Alterations of cell growth, specifically an abnormal proliferation of cells, is called: a. hyperplasia. b. dysplasia. c. neoplasia. d. aplasia. ANS: C Alterations in cell growth lead to the development of neoplasms (tumors). 5. The initial response of body tissues to local injury is: a. infection. b. ischemia. c. edema. d. inflammation. ANS: D Inflammation is the initial response of body tissues to local injury. 6. Heat and redness associated with inflammation is produced by: a. hyperemia. b. scar tissue. c. hyperplasia. d. infarction. ANS: A Hyperemia produces the heat and redness associated with inflammation. 7. In an injury, the destroyed tissue is replaced with: a. granulomatous inflammation. b. granulation tissue. c. phagocytes. d. pyogens. ANS: B A fibrous scar replaces the area of destroyed tissue with granulation tissue. Granulation tissue refers to a combination of young, developing capillaries and actively proliferating fibroblasts, which produce connective tissue fibers (collagen) that replace the dead tissue. 8. Of the five clinical signs of acute inflammation, the medical term for swelling is: a. edema. b. tumor. c. calor. d. dolor. ANS: B The five clinical signs of acute inflammation are rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), dolor (pain), and loss of function. 9. Some bacterial organisms produce substances that cause damage to the tissue and incite the inflammatory process known as: a. toxoids. b. pyogens. c. toxins. d. abscesses. ANS: C Some bacterial organisms (such as staphylococci and streptococci) produce toxins that damage the tissues and incite an inflammatory response. 10. Chronic inflammation in a localized area, which often has centralized necrosis, is called: a. an exudate. b. a granuloma. c. an abscess. d. hyperplasia. ANS: B A granuloma is a localized area of chronic inflammation, often with central necrosis. 11. In acute inflammation, the localized heat and redness are a result of the: a. migration of circulating white blood cells. b. increased blood flow and vascular permeability. c. regeneration of normal parenchymal cells. d. enzymatic digestion of dead cells. ANS: B The localized heat and redness result from increased blood flow in the microcirculation at the site of injury. 12. In pyogenic infections, the body responds by producing a thick, yellow fluid called: a. bacteria. b. pus. c. edema. d. a scar. ANS: B The presence of pyogenic bacteria leads to the production of a thick, yellow fluid called pus, which contains dead white blood cells, inflammatory exudates, and bacteria. 13. All pyogens have the ability to enter the blood circulation causing: a. bacteremia. b. phagocytosis. c. septicemia. d. keloid tissue. ANS: A All pyogens, wherever they become implanted, have the ability to invade blood vessels to produce bacteremia, with the potential involvement of other organs and tissues in the body.