Based on spec points that have yet to come up in previous a level geography edexcel exam papers. detailed essay plans with case studies. used as my main revision technique and proved very helpful.
a level globalisation prediction questions. a level essay plans for gloablisation.
3.8 assess the reasons why some locations have created thriving culturally mixed societies
whereas tensions have risen elsewhere.
Open door policy:
Singapore –colonial past and open-door policy to migration has led to a thriving culturally mixed
society. ‘Singlish’ , a mixture of English and local languages, has increased the rate of
assimilation. Migrants find similarities with the language.
Open borders, deregulation and encouragement of foreign direct investment has
created culturally mixed societies and thriving migrant diasporas in some locations
Come countries are culturally diverse due to open doors to refugees. E.gMediterranean
migration to EU countries.
global events such as the world cup, Olympics, has in some cases decreased tension by
cultural unity over a universal sport
however, this is not as significant because people still enjoy the benefits of other
cultures without fully accepting the culture
Some groups seek to retain their cultural identity within countries and seek to retain control of
culture and physical resources:
(First Nations in Canada), whereas others embrace its economic advantages
Attempts have been made in some locations to control the spread of globalisation by
censorship (China, North Korea), limiting immigration (UK, Japan) and trade
protectionism. (P: role of government) (A: attitudes of pro- and anti immigration groups)
tensions may rise due to the negative perception locals have, for instance, migrants are
taking jobs that could have gone to non-migrants. Or cultural erosion/diffusion may
occur as people are forming more diasporas in the host country. - EU
Cultural erosion can lead to tensions as movements like Brexit may occur to protect
British nationality.
, 3.4 assess the extent to which benefits of the global shift of manufacturing outweigh the
costs.
1) Benefit to developing - reduced income inequality
due to more job opportunities with stable incomes. Although the work hours are
long for low pay, many locals have, more disposable income for necessities and
social services.
Factory work = reliable income
Less working hours of working on subsistence farming
Education levels rise over time, shift to more capital intensive production of
higher tech product
600 million chinese lifted out of poverty between 1992 and 2015
2) Benefit to developed - less pollution in developed region
Acceleration of environmental decline - negative
Forested land turned to urban
Developed can focus on preserving biodiversity
however , global warming affects everyone no matter where degradation is
taking place
Global shift accelerates rate at which economic development causes pollution
3) economic impacts - negative to lower class in developed countries
RUST BELT CASE STUDY
- decline in industry and movement of jobs to emerging countries has caused a mass
loss of employment
- loss of employment in prominent industry = overall area experiences lack of income
- people cannot afford to spend in local businesses so they close = spiral of decline
- area becomes less attractive to potential migrants and to those already living there
- regeneration is too expensive so people move out ( white flight)
- isolation of poorer ethnic minorities
- very high costs to retrain
- national social costs of unemployment
However:
Great economic benefits for developed countries as a whole
Developed countries can fully switch to tertiary and quaternary sectors as can import
primary and secondary sector goods from less developed region who are now able to
produce
Can hinder developing countries as developed rely on them for resources.
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