Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology 10th Ed. Tissues|2023 LATEST UPDATE|GUARANTEED SUCCESS

Tissues collections of specialized cells and the extra- cellular substances surrounding them extracellular matrix noncellular substances surrounding the cell Histology the microscopic study of tissues biopsy the process of removing tissue samples from patients surgically or with a needle for diag- nostic purposes autopsy an examination of the organs of a dead body to determine the cause of death or to study the changes caused by a disease endoderm the inner layer, forms the lin- ing of the digestive tract and its derivatives mesoderm the middle layer, forms tissues such as muscle, bone, and blood vessels ectoderm the outer layer, forms the skin neuroectoderm a portion of the ectoderm becomes the nervous system neural crest cells Groups of cells that break away from the neuroectoderm during development give rise to parts of the peripheral nerves, skin pigment, the medulla of the adrenal gland, and many tis- sues of the face. Epithelial tissue covers and protects surfaces, both outside and inside the body. What are the 6 common characteristics of most epithelial tissue? Mostly composed of cells, Covers body surfaces, Distinct cell surfaces, Cell and matrix connections, Nonvascular, and capable of regeneration Free/apical surface not attached to other cells lateral surface attached to other epithelial cells basal surface attached to a basement membrane basement membrane a specialized type of extracellular material secreted by epithelial and connective tissue cells. Helps attach the epithelial cells to the underlying tissues, and it plays an important role in supporting and guiding cell migration during tissue repair What are the 5 major functions of epithelial tissue? Protecting underlying structures, Acting as a barrier, Permitting the passage of substances, Secreting substances, Absorbing substances What are the 3 major types of epithelial tissue based on the number of layers? Simple epithelium, Stratified epithelium, Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Simple epithelium consists of more than one layer of cells, but only the basal layer attaches the deepest layer to the base- ment membrane Pseudostratified columnar epithelium a special type of simple epithelium. It consists of one layer of cells, with all the cells attached to the basement membrane What are the 3 types of epithelial cells based on shape of the cell? Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar Squamous cells are flat or scalelike Cuboidal cells are cube-shaped—about as wide as they are tall Columnar cells tend to be taller than they are wide Simple Squamous Epithelium function Diffusion, filtration, some secretion, and some protection against friction Simple Cuboidal Epithelium function Secretion and absorption by cells of the kidney tubules; secretion by cells of glands and choroid plexuses; movement of particles embedded in mucus out of the terminal bronchioles by ciliated cells Simple Columnar Epithelium function Movement of particles out of the bronchioles of the lungs by ciliated cells; partially responsible for the movement of oocytes through the uterine tubes by ciliated cells; secretion by cells of the glands, the stomach, and the intestines; absorption by cells of the small and large intestines