Palmer, a History of Europe in the Modern World, (C) 2014 11E, Student Edition
EN:English summary of Palmer Chapters 22 through 25 for international students Globalisation II. NE: Engelstalige samenvating van Palmer hoofdstukken 22 t/m 25 voor internationale studenten Globalisering II
History of the Modern World Since 1750 - Partial Exam 1 - Midterm
All for this textbook (2)
Written for
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)
Geschiedenis
Globalisering II
All documents for this subject (5)
1
review
By: aisuram1 • 5 year ago
Seller
Follow
TClemens
Reviews received
Content preview
Summary of Palmer CH 22-25 Timo Clemens, 2017
The Cold war, the Opening Decade 1945 – 1955
The invention of the Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in the closing stage of WWII
led to a postwar contest to produce more sophisticated nuclear weapons.
In organizing the industrial society which existed post WWII there are two poles:
Communism, The Union of Societ Socialist Republics (USSR)
- All capital owned by the state, and supplied to managers and workers as needed.
- Production planned ahead by public authorities.
- The soviet form of Communism had come about through revolution, and was maintained by
dictatorship
Capitalism, United States
- Economic exchange through the mechanism of the market, supply and demand.
- Though most if not all Capitalist states adopted a model of mixed economy, in which they expanded
thair social welfare systems to avoid the political extremism and dictatorships of the 1930’s
United Nations
- founded Post WWII, 1945
- to maintain international peace, but would primarily rely on the great powers
- 2 main governing bodies:
* General assembly: Every member has an equal vote
* Security council: Permanent seats with veto-power, and 10 rotating members.
Permanent: US, USSR, UK, FR, China
- Originally 51 members, by the 21st century it encompassed around 190
After WWII eventually all of the former colonies in Africa and Asia were freed and became
independent nations and joined the UN, thereby shifting the focus of the organization. They formed the
“Third World” as they choose not to align themselves with either side of the cold war conflict.
The Cold War: Origins and Nature
The US and Soviet Union are commonly referred to as Superpowers after WWII, as they possessed the
strongest military.
A diplomatic equilibrium is hard to sustain, as each party views the others’ actions as possible
aggression or provocation. As soon as the two superpowers attempted to devise post-war settlements in
Europe conflicts between the two sides developed. The widening diplomatic, geopolitical, and
ideological clash of interests became known as the Cold War, as the rivalry always fell short of open
or direct military hostilities between the two powers.
Though the objectives of Stalin post WWII are not entirely clear, they definitely saw an opportunity to
consolidate their grip on the territories gained in WWII, and to create a buffer zone for Soviet national
security. And to promote the goal of international communism in the shattered countries of East-
central Europe.
The US became convinced that the soviets were bent on consolidating their grip over eastern Europe
and then wished to embark on a worldwide Communist offensive.
In Response they adopted a Policy of Containment.
During WWII the armed forces liberating an area exercised political control, thus the Red Army
gained political control over much of Eastern Europe. The Soviets shaped the territories under their
influence after their model, under their control
1
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller TClemens. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.88. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
