Summary Socialism revision notes (for Edexcel Politics A level)
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Course
Core Political Ideas
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PEARSON (PEARSON)
Book
UK Government and Politics for A-level Sixth Edition
Detailed revision notes on Socialism (part of the UK Politics and Core Political Ideas paper). Includes access to key thinker profiles, summarised theory notes and examples. Refers to all branches and concepts specified by the exam board. Work produced by a student with four A* predictions and an O...
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Core Political Ideas
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Socialism
origins and general context
created during the Enlightenment
utopian socialists – e.g. Charles Fourier and Robert Owen
- the earliest form of socialism, one based on a vision of the perfect human
existence
- for Marx, however, its ‘utopian’ character stemmed from the absence of any
clear method for bringing about such ‘socialism’
core ideas of socialism
socialists are committed to creating a better world on the principles of social justice,
equality and fraternity
- takes an optimistic view of human nature
- exalt reason over faith and superstition
- are ‘progressive’ in their belief in reform and willingness to challenge the status
quo
- share a desire to liberate human beings from oppression
- believe in ‘foundational’ equality
- reject the ‘traditional’ state (defined by monarchical absolutism)
- reject anarchism
economic determinism – the belief that our behavior is determined by economic
forces
human nature
fraternity and cooperation – fraternity denotes socialism’s belief that the relationship
between human being should be marked by generosity, warmth and comradeship
- society should encourage cooperation and solidarity rather than competition
- in order to create a better society capitalism must be overhauled as it is
synonymous with exploitation and suppression
- fraternity would organically generate an equitable distribution of wealth
the cooperative movement is built upon shared ownership and seeks to make
decisions in a democratic manner to serve the needs of its members
o e.g. the Rochdale Pioneers believed that tradesmen should work
together to sell items of food that their customers might not otherwise
be able to afford
o in the modern era, the most significant illustration of the co-operative
movement is the Co-Op Bank
believe that humans are naturally cooperative, generous and altruistic
- humans naturally seek solidarity, fraternity and comradeship
- ‘no man is an island’ John Donne
- socialists also recognize that man’s true nature has been diluted by time and
circumstance – humans are malleable and can adjust to the evolution of society
society
- individuals are the product of the society into which they are born
- individuals are communal by nature and seek fraternity and cooperation
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