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Chapter 1 - Orientation

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This document contains a summary + class notes of chapter 1 from the textbook essentials of human anatomy and physiology, almost everything is covered

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  • June 20, 2023
  • 46
  • 2022/2023
  • Class notes
  • Haydar hassan
  • Human anatomy and physiology
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Chapter 1 - The Human Body: An Orientation

Anatomy
Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts
Observation is used to see sizes and relationships of parts

Gross Anatomy: Large structures, easily observable

Example of Gross Anatomy




1

,Microscopic Anatomy or Histology



2

,Structures are too small to be seen with the naked eye

Cells and tissues can be viewed only with a microscope

Example of Microscopic Anatomy




Branches of Anatomy
Developmental Anatomy or Embryology
Radiographic Anatomy
Surgical Anatomy
Functional Anatomy or Physiology: Study of how the body and its parts work or
function

Structure determines what functions can occur

For example, the air sacs of the lungs have very thin walls, a feature that enables them to
exchange gases and provide oxygen to the body




Levels of Structural Organization
Atoms
Cells
Tissues - epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular
Organs
Organ systems



3

, Organisms

Cells are the smallest structural unit of the body




Body Systems

Integumentary System
Forms the external body covering (skin) and includes hair and fingernails · Waterproofs the body · C

Skeletal System
Consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments (connect two bones at joints), and joints · Provides muscle




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