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Class notes

Chapter 8 - The Special Senses

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This document contains a summary + class notes of chapter 8 from the textbook essentials of human anatomy and physiology, almost everything is covered

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  • June 20, 2023
  • 34
  • 2022/2023
  • Class notes
  • Haydar hassan
  • Human anatomy and physiology
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Chapter 8 - Special Senses

Special Senses Include
Smell
Taste
Sight
Hearing
Equilibrium



Special Sense Receptors
Large and complex sensory organs
Localized clusters of organs

Types of Receptors
Mechanical Receptors
Chemical Receptors
Photosensitive Receptors




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,↑ Chapter 8 - Special Senses

The Eye and Vision

70% of all sensory receptors are in the eyes
Each eye has over 1 million nerve fibers carrying information to the brain to the occipital
lobe (visual cortex)
The eye is located in the orbital cavity



Accessory structures include the

Extrinsic Eye Muscles (Smooth muscles)
Six muscles attach to the outer surface of the eye · Produce gross eye movements · Muscles of

Eyelids

Conjunctiva
Membrane that lines the eyelids and eyeball · Connects with the transparent cornea · Secretes

Lacrimal apparatus
Lacrimal gland + Ducts · Lacrimal gland (Exocrine gland): Produces lacrimal fluid (tears); situat




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, External and Accessory Structures

Eyelids

Meet at the medial and lateral commissure (canthus, corners of the eye)

Eyelashes

Tarsal glands produce an oily secretion that lubricates the eye
Ciliary glands are located between the eyelashes, they affect lubrication and protection



The Structure of the Eye




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