Pathophysiology Exam 1-NR 283 with Complete Solutions (100% Verified)

Pathophysiology Exam 1-NR 283 with Complete Solutions (100% Verified) Health - ANSWER-Physical, Mental, and social well-being Disease - ANSWER-Deviation from the normal state of homeostasis Pathophysiology - ANSWER-- Functional (physiologic) changes in the body as a result from disease - Cause and effect relationships, defined by signs and symptoms, guide the study of a specific disease Atrophy - ANSWER-- Decrease in the size of the cells - Results in reduced tissue mass - Common causes: reduced use of the tissue, insufficient nutrition, decrease neurological or hormonal stimulation, and agin Hypertrophy - ANSWER-- Increase in cell size - results in enlarged tissue mass - Common causes: additional work by the tissue, excessive hormonal stimulation Hyperplasia - ANSWER-- Increase in cell size - Results in enlarged tissue mass - Common causes: compensatory mechanism to meet increased demand, or pathologic when there is a hormonal imbalance Metaplasia - ANSWER-- Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type - adaptive mechanism that provide more resistance tissue Dysplasia - ANSWER-- Cells vary in size and shape within a tissue - Chronic irritation infection, or may be a precancerous change (Cervix) Anaplasia - ANSWER-- Undifferentiated cells, with variable nuclear and cell structures - Characteristic of cancer Neoplasia - ANSWER-"New growth" Apoptosis - ANSWER-- Normal, refers to programmed cell death Causes of Cell Damage - ANSWER-- Ischemia (most common): decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a tissue or organ due to circulation obstruction -Hypoxia: reduced oxygen in tissues