Summary
Samenvatting sociale psychologie
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Samenvatting op basis van boek 'Sociale Psychologie' Vak gegeven door Prof. Dr. Alain Van Hiel
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Followbovanhecke
Reviews received
Content preview
SAMENVATTING SOCIALE PSYCHOLOGIEINHOUDSOPGAVE
DEEL 1: KERNTHEMA’S SOCIALE PSYCHOLOGIE ............................................................................................... 6
1. inleiding.................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1. de mens is een sociaal dier ............................................................................................................. 6
1.2. sociale psychologie: definitie en verwante disciplines ................................................................... 7
1.2.1. de kracht van sociale psychologie .............................................................................................. 7
a) definitie van sociale psychologie ................................................................................................ 7
1.2.2. de kracht van de situatie ............................................................................................................ 7
1.2.3. sociale psychologie en verwante disciplines .............................................................................. 7
a) sociologie.................................................................................................................................... 7
b) persoonlijkheidspsychologie ....................................................................................................... 7
1.2.4. andere psychologische domeinen .............................................................................................. 7
1.2.5. sociale psychologische en mensenkennis .................................................................................. 7
1.3. de geschiedenis van de sociale psychologie ................................................................................... 7
1.3.1. de beginjaren van de sociale psychologie (1880 – 1935) ........................................................... 7
a) mogelijke grondleggers .............................................................................................................. 7
1.3.2. de jaren van bevestiging (1936 – 1960) ..................................................................................... 8
1.3.3. groei en debat (1960 – 1975) ..................................................................................................... 8
1.3.4. methodologisch en inhoudelijk pluralisme (1975 – heden) ....................................................... 8
1.4. sociale psychologie in de 21e eeuw................................................................................................. 9
1.4.1. hersenonderzoek ....................................................................................................................... 9
1.4.2. het internet ................................................................................................................................ 9
1.4.3. sociaal-culturele perspectieven ................................................................................................. 9
1.4.4. open wetenschap ....................................................................................................................... 9
2. onderzoeksmethoden .............................................................................................................................. 9
2.1. woord vooraf .................................................................................................................................. 9
2.2. de ontwikkeling van hypothesen .................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1. een goed idee ............................................................................................................................. 9
2.2.2. opzoeken van psychologische literatuur .................................................................................... 9
2.3. het operationaliseren van sociaalpsychologische variabelen ....................................................... 10
2.3.1. zelfbeschrijving ......................................................................................................................... 10
2.3.2. gedragsobservatie .................................................................................................................... 10
2.4. ideeën testen: onderzoeksplannen............................................................................................... 10
2.4.1. beschrijvend onderzoek ........................................................................................................... 10
2.4.2. correlationeel onderzoek .......................................................................................................... 10
2.4.3. experimenteel onderzoek ......................................................................................................... 11
a) hoofdeffect en interactie-effect ............................................................................................... 11
b) statistische significantie ........................................................................................................... 11
c) interne en externe validiteit ..................................................................................................... 11
2.5. ethiek en waarden in de sociale psychologie................................................................................ 11
2.5.1. geïnformeerde toestemming ................................................................................................... 11
2.5.2. debriefing ................................................................................................................................. 11
2.5.3. waarden en wetenschap .......................................................................................................... 11
3. het sociale zelf........................................................................................................................................ 12
3.1. woord vooraf ................................................................................................................................ 12
3.2. inleiding......................................................................................................................................... 12
3.2.1. de oorsprong van het zelf......................................................................................................... 12
3.2.2. zelfschema’s ............................................................................................................................. 12
3.2.3. zelfregulatie.............................................................................................................................. 12
a) zelfdiscrepantietheorie ............................................................................................................. 12
b) zelfbewustzijnstheorie .............................................................................................................. 12
, c) beperkingen van zelfregulatie .................................................................................................. 13
3.3. het zelfconcept ............................................................................................................................. 13
3.3.1. introspectie ............................................................................................................................... 13
3.3.2. zelfperceptie............................................................................................................................. 13
a) zelfpercepties van emoties ....................................................................................................... 13
b) zelfpercepties van motivaties ................................................................................................... 13
3.3.3. de invloed van anderen ............................................................................................................ 13
a) sociale vergelijkingstheorie ...................................................................................................... 13
b) tweefactoren-emotietheorie .................................................................................................... 13
c) directe impact van anderen...................................................................................................... 13
3.3.4. impact van geslacht, generatie en cultuur ............................................................................... 14
a) geslachtsverschillen .................................................................................................................. 14
b) leeftijds- en cohortverschillen................................................................................................... 14
c) culturele verschillen .................................................................................................................. 14
3.4. zelfwaardering .............................................................................................................................. 14
3.4.1. de behoefte aan zelfwaardering .............................................................................................. 14
3.4.2. mechanismen van zelfverheerlijking ........................................................................................ 14
a) zelfdienende informatieverwerking.......................................................................................... 14
b) zelfhandicappering ................................................................................................................... 14
c) zich koesteren aan het succes van anderen ............................................................................. 14
d) neerwaartse sociale vergelijking .............................................................................................. 14
3.4.3. of positieve illusies adaptief zijn .............................................................................................. 14
3.5. zelfpresentatie .............................................................................................................................. 15
3.5.1. strategische zelfpresentatie ..................................................................................................... 15
3.5.2. zelfverificatie ............................................................................................................................ 15
3.5.3. individuele verschillen in zelfsturing ........................................................................................ 15
3.5.4. slotwoord: het dynamische zelf ............................................................................................... 15
4. sociale perceptie .................................................................................................................................... 15
4.1. woord vooraf ................................................................................................................................ 15
4.2. het ruwe materiaal van de eerste indruk...................................................................................... 15
4.2.1. eerste indruk ............................................................................................................................ 15
4.2.2. de waarnemer .......................................................................................................................... 15
4.2.3. het uiterlijk ............................................................................................................................... 16
4.2.4. situaties .................................................................................................................................... 16
4.2.5. gedrag ...................................................................................................................................... 16
a) gelaatsuitdrukkingen................................................................................................................ 16
b) ander non-verbaal gedrag ........................................................................................................ 17
c) waarheid van leugen onderscheiden ........................................................................................ 17
4.3. attributie: het afleiden van disposities ......................................................................................... 17
4.3.1. attributietheorieën ................................................................................................................... 17
4.3.2. de theorie van corresponderende gevolgtrekkingen ................................................................ 17
4.3.3. Kelley’s covariatietheorie ......................................................................................................... 17
4.3.4. attributievertekeningen............................................................................................................ 18
a) fundamentele attributiefout .................................................................................................... 18
b) fundamentele attributiefout als een perceptueel fenomeen.................................................... 18
c) attributies als culturele constructies ........................................................................................ 18
d) cognitieve heuristieken............................................................................................................. 18
e) motivatievertekening ............................................................................................................... 18
4.4. integratie van disposities tot impressies....................................................................................... 19
4.4.1. enkele basisbevindingen .......................................................................................................... 19
4.4.2. integratie van kenmerken in een globale impressie ................................................................ 19
4.4.3. afwijkingen van het gemiddelde model ................................................................................... 19
a) disposities van de waarnemer .................................................................................................. 19
b) effecten van primeren .............................................................................................................. 19
c) eigenschappen van de doelpersoon ......................................................................................... 19
4.5. confirmatievertekening: van impressies naar de realiteit ............................................................ 19
, 4.5.1. persistentie van opvattingen .................................................................................................... 20
4.5.2. confirmatorische hypothesetoesting ....................................................................................... 20
4.5.3. de zelfvervullende voorspelling ................................................................................................ 20
4.6. slotwoord ...................................................................................................................................... 20
5. sociale beïnvloeding .............................................................................................................................. 20
5.1. woord vooraf ................................................................................................................................ 20
5.2. automatische sociale beïnvloeding ............................................................................................... 20
5.3. conformiteit .................................................................................................................................. 21
5.3.1. de klassieke studies .................................................................................................................. 21
5.3.2. waarom we ons conformeren .................................................................................................. 21
5.3.3. meerderheidsinvloed ............................................................................................................... 21
a) groepsgrootte: de macht van de getallen ................................................................................ 21
b) een medestander in onenigheid ............................................................................................... 21
c) opvallendheid van de normen .................................................................................................. 21
d) effecten van geslacht en cultuur .............................................................................................. 21
5.3.4. minderheidsinvloed.................................................................................................................. 21
a) macht van de stijl ..................................................................................................................... 22
5.3.5. differentiële of unimodale procesmodellen............................................................................. 22
5.4. instemmen .................................................................................................................................... 22
5.4.1. redenen geven ......................................................................................................................... 22
5.4.2. stel je eens voor ....................................................................................................................... 22
5.4.3. de wederkerigheidsvorm .......................................................................................................... 23
5.4.4. tweestappen-instemmingstechnieken...................................................................................... 23
a) voet-tussen-de-deur-techniek................................................................................................... 23
b) zodra-de-bal-aan-het-rollen-is-techniek................................................................................... 23
c) deur-tegen-de-neus-techniek ................................................................................................... 23
d) het-is-nog-niet-klaar-hoor!-techniek ........................................................................................ 23
5.4.5. assertiviteit ............................................................................................................................... 23
5.5. gehoorzaamheid ........................................................................................................................... 23
5.5.1. Millgrams onderzoek ................................................................................................................ 24
a) het gehoorzame individu .......................................................................................................... 24
b) de autoriteit.............................................................................................................................. 24
c) het slachtoffer .......................................................................................................................... 24
d) de procedure ............................................................................................................................ 24
5.5.2. Millgram in de 21e eeuw .......................................................................................................... 24
5.5.3. verzet........................................................................................................................................ 24
5.6. slotwoord ...................................................................................................................................... 24
DEEL 2: SOCIALE COGNITIE EN ATTITUDES .................................................................................................... 24
6. sociale cognitie ...................................................................................................................................... 24
7. attitudes ................................................................................................................................................. 24
DEEL 3: INTERPERSOONLIJKE EN GROEPSPROCESSEN ................................................................................... 24
8. interpersoonlijke relaties ....................................................................................................................... 24
8.1. het belang van interpersoonlijke relaties ..................................................................................... 24
8.1.1. de behoefte aan affiliatie ......................................................................................................... 24
8.1.2. hechtingsstijlen......................................................................................................................... 25
8.1.3. het sociale netwerk .................................................................................................................. 25
8.1.4. relaties en welbevinden ........................................................................................................... 25
8.1.5. sociale steun en fysieke integriteit ........................................................................................... 25
8.2. aantrekkingskracht........................................................................................................................ 26
8.2.1. nabijheidseffect ........................................................................................................................ 26
8.2.2. familiariteit ............................................................................................................................... 26
8.2.3. gelijkenissen ............................................................................................................................. 26
8.2.4. uiterlijke schoonheid ................................................................................................................ 26
, a) schoonheid: objectief of subjectief ........................................................................................... 26
b) aantrekkingskracht van schoonheid ......................................................................................... 27
c) voor- en nadelen van schoonheid ............................................................................................. 27
8.2.5. contextfactoren ........................................................................................................................ 27
8.3. hechte relaties .............................................................................................................................. 27
8.3.1. elkaar leren kennen.................................................................................................................. 27
a) wederkerigheid ......................................................................................................................... 27
b) jagen op wie moeilijk te krijgen is ............................................................................................ 27
c) inschatten van interesse ........................................................................................................... 27
8.3.2. partnerkeuze ............................................................................................................................ 28
a) het evolutionaire perspectief.................................................................................................... 28
b) sociaal-culturele perspectief..................................................................................................... 28
c) seksuele oriëntatie ................................................................................................................... 28
8.3.3. relatietevredenheid en toewijding ........................................................................................... 28
a) sociale ruiltheorie ..................................................................................................................... 28
b) billijkheidstheorie ..................................................................................................................... 29
c) samenhorigheid ........................................................................................................................ 29
d) balans tussen verwachtingen en investeringen........................................................................ 29
8.3.4. soorten hechte relaties ............................................................................................................ 29
a) passionele liefde ....................................................................................................................... 29
b) partnerschapsliefde .................................................................................................................. 29
8.4. algemene relatiepatronen ............................................................................................................ 29
8.4.1. ontwikkelingspatronen in het huwelijk .................................................................................... 29
8.4.2. communicatie en conflict ......................................................................................................... 30
8.4.3. uit elkaar gaan .......................................................................................................................... 30
8.4.4. samen oud worden .................................................................................................................. 30
8.5. slotwoord ...................................................................................................................................... 30
9. anderen helpen ...................................................................................................................................... 30
9.1. waarom we anderen helpen ......................................................................................................... 30
9.1.1. evolutionaire factoren.............................................................................................................. 30
a) verwantschap ........................................................................................................................... 31
b) wederkerig altruïsme................................................................................................................ 31
c) de coöperatieve groep .............................................................................................................. 31
9.1.2. korsten en baten ...................................................................................................................... 31
a) zichzelf goed voelen ................................................................................................................. 31
b) kosten van helpen of niet helpen.............................................................................................. 31
9.1.3. altruïsme of egoïsme: het grote debat ..................................................................................... 31
a) empathie-altruïsmehypothese ................................................................................................. 31
b) egoïsme .................................................................................................................................... 32
c) atlruïsme vs. egoïsme: beperkingen en gelijkenissen ............................................................... 32
9.1.4. motieven om te helpen ............................................................................................................ 32
9.2. in welke omstandigheden we (niet) helpen.................................................................................. 32
9.2.1. het omstandereffect ................................................................................................................. 32
a) de erfenis van het onderzoek naar het omstandereffect ......................................................... 33
b) gevaarlijke vs. ongevaarlijke situaties ...................................................................................... 33
c) hulp krijgen in een menigte ...................................................................................................... 33
9.2.2. stress en tijdsdruk .................................................................................................................... 33
9.2.3. locatie en cultuur ..................................................................................................................... 33
9.2.4. stemming.................................................................................................................................. 33
a) hulpvaardigheid en positieve stemmingen............................................................................... 33
b) hulpvaardigheid en negatieve stemmingen ............................................................................. 34
9.3. wie anderen helpt ......................................................................................................................... 34
9.3.1. of sommige personen behulpzamer zijn dan anderen ............................................................. 34
9.3.2. kenmerken van een altruïstische persoonlijkheid.................................................................... 34
9.3.3. de invloed van ouders en familie ............................................................................................. 34
9.3.4. rolmodellen en sociale normen ............................................................................................... 35
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller bovanhecke. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.10. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
83637 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now