This is a summary of the DAR course taught at Hotelschool The Hague. It helped me to get an 80 for the exam. It includes both the Data Analytics and Research sections.
Table of Contents
DAR WORKSHOP 1 GRASPLE TOPICS...................................................................................1
Phase 1 Problem Analysis..............................................................................................................1
Phase 2 Research design...............................................................................................................2
Summary:......................................................................................................................................4
Validity and reliability...................................................................................................................5
Summary:......................................................................................................................................6
DAR WORKSHOP 2 GRAPPLE...............................................................................................6
HTH Observations.........................................................................................................................6
HTH Interviews..............................................................................................................................8
Different types of an interview......................................................................................................9
DAR WORKSHOP 3 GRAPPLE.............................................................................................10
Variables.....................................................................................................................................14
Variables and values....................................................................................................................14
Measurement levels....................................................................................................................14
DAR WORKSHOP 4 GRAPPLE.............................................................................................15
DAR WORKSHOP 5 GRAPPLE.............................................................................................18
WS#5B Measures of Dispersion...................................................................................................19
DAR WORKSHOP 6 GRAPPLE.............................................................................................23
Summary........................................................................................................................................................24
DATA ANALYTICS..............................................................................................................26
DATA ANALYTICS LEC/WS 1 POWERPOINT..................................................................................26
DATA ANALYTICS LEC/WS 2 POWERPOINT..................................................................................30
DATA ANALYTICS LEC/WS 3 POWERPOINT .................................................................................35
DATA ANALYTICS LEC/WS 4 POWERPOINT..................................................................................39
DAR WORKSHOP 1 GRASPLE TOPICS
Phase 1 Problem Analysis
- Develop a game ‘name game’
- Recognize a person through a photo.
- First, you want to know if people like the app:
Research cycle:
1. Problem analysis = What is the aim of your research
1
, 2. Research design = How can you reach this aim
3. Data collection = How can you collect data
4. Data analysis = what do the data look like and what can be interpreted from
them
5. Reporting = which conclusions are backed up by the data
- After surveying with scale questions (1 to 5)
Most people 67% didn't see it as a big problem.
And 15% did see it as a big problem.
Problem analysis 5 steps
1. Direct cause (why questions): what the reason is and the situation.
2. Problem: what is known already
3. Aim of the research Ethics
4. Research question
5. Hypotheses
5 1
4 2
3
Phase 2 Research design
Once you’ve to know what exactly you want to study and why then you have
completed the first phase of the research cycle: A problem analysis.
The next phase is Design: You need to figure out how you are going to conduct your
research.
outcome of this phase is a plan-of-action is had to be detailed enough so
someone else can do the research as well.
2
,When you start your research design there are 5 elements you must pay attention to:
1. Operationalization of variables
2. Type of research and study
3. Population and sampling
4. Research method
5. Representativeness, biases, and quality
1. Operationalization
The RQ for this study is "Are there suitable conditions for the development of a
name-practice app?" it is about the most important parts in the main question
“suitable conditions” and “development.”
Every concept or term needs a detailed definition. The process of coming up with a
specific description is called Operationalization. You need to be very specific
2. Type of study and research
What kind of study and research do you have to do at the kind of study you’re doing,
(quantitative or qualitative)
When you know what you want to find out ask yourself how you are going to do this:
Descriptive - presenting known information.
Exploratory - trying to find new information.
Examinatory - checking if your conjectures (hypotheses) are true.
- Quantitative research (quantitative)
Express the outcome of research in numbers. Graphs and diagrams. The
research is often conducted with tools such as experimental designs and
questionnaires.
- Qualitative research (qualitative)
Research to gather non-numerical information. Qualitative research often uses
observation models, case studies, or interviews.
3. Population and sample
Who/What kind of person do you want to interview and how many? There could be a
bias based on compensation or voluntarily.
The smaller group you will send your idea to is called a Sample.
A sample from a population is called sampling.
3
, Concluding a population based on a sample is called generalizing.
A description of your sampling method should be part of your research design.
4. Research method
How are you going to interview them? Face to face, online, or in a call?
Three questions you need to ask yourself:
1. How will you acquire information? Which research tool are you going to use?
2. How will you measure that which is of interest to your research? Which
instruments are you going to use to tap into your constructs?
3. How will you execute your research? What procedure will you follow?
There are various research tools to choose from. You could experiment, conduct a
survey, interview people, make observations, etc.
Remember that part of designing your method means choosing a research tool.
Writing up your research method is a bit like writing a recipe for a cookbook.
First, you choose a dish (research tool) that suits the theme of the book (your
research) and then you describe the ingredients that go into the dish (instruments).
Lastly, you spell out each step that needs to be taken to make the dish (procedure).
5. Representativeness, biases, and quality
is it trustworthy, anonymous, and reliable? Finally, you need to ask or consider
yourself two things.
- representativeness
- the quality of your measurements
When you have drawn a sample based upon which you would like to come up with
generalized conclusions about the whole of a population, it is important to ask
yourself whether your sample is sufficiently representative of this population.
5.1 representativeness is a relatively easy concept. When your sample is not
representative of the overall population you are not allowed to generalize your
conclusions and doing so would be considered a mistake.
5. 2 Quality of the measurements
Separate lesson on how to determine the quality of an instrument using the
dartboard model.
Summary:
This lesson has taught you that:
- The research design is a description of how you are going to conduct your
research.
4
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