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summary statistics and methodology part 2
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Summary statistics and methodology, methodologyLecture 6, Power
Scientific studies are sometimes bound to fail (wrong resources, not reading literature
beforehand)
Definition of statistical power: The probability to detect an effect that is actually there
Or: The probability to reject H0 when it is incorrect
- Under-powered studies are bound to fail
The probability to reject H0 when it is incorrect is determined by:
- Sample size
- Effect size
- Experimental design
- Etc.
,Example 1:
Do men and women from the regular population score differently on an IQ test?
Given: H0 is true: there is no difference
Mostly we find a T-value of 0
However, when we find a high t-value: Type I error→ incorrect conclusion that M and F
differ
,Example 2:
Do men and women from the regular population score differently on an IQ test?
Given: H0 is false: there is a difference
Of what are these distributions?
- Distribution of the test statistic (in this case the t-value) under H0 and H1
- NOT the distribution of data
, All things being equal:
If alpha gets smaller, beta gets larger
If alpha gets larger, beta gets smaller
Alpha is mostly 0.05
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