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Summary - GGH1501 - Know Your World: Introduction To Geography
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Summary - GGH1501 - Know Your World: Introduction To Geography
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GGH1501 Exam Prepwritten by
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GGH1501 Semester 1 NOTES – Created by Richelle Lambert
UNIT 1: Explain the following defniiono:
*Geography – Study of interactons of the physical and human phenomena.
- Involves the exploraton and descripton of the world we live in.
- It’s also about the interactons among places that forms paterns and organize space.
* Physical Geography – the study of characteristcs of a physical environment.
- Such as climate, soil and vegetaton
*Human Geography – the study of human groups and their actvites
- study as language and buildings
* Cultural Geography – the subfeld of human geography
- Focus on the role of human actvites and cultures
* Regional / Special Geography – analyze places in terms of local populaton, customs and politcal regions.
Geographical Phenomenon: (What io a geographical Phenomenon)
Temporal component – the phenomena are not statc and it changes over tme.
Spatal component – can be linkeed to a specifc locaton
Thematc component – measurable characteristcs or propertes likee what is its name? How big is it?
There are Geographical phenomena:
Such as a crime scene in a city over 5 years
Place exhibitng art
Explain the diotribuion of a phenomenon:
Describing where individual element are located can be random or scatered.
Contemporary geographero employ 3 analythical methodo:
1. Area analysis – it intergaretes the geographic features of an area or place.
- it shows that each place occupies a unique locaton
- possesses a unique combinaton of human behaviour and environmental processes (Site, situaton
and region)
2. Spatal analysis – called locaton analysis
- emphasizes the interactons among places
- looke for paterns in the distributon of human actvites
- Characteristcs likee distributon, density, patern, movement , distance and difusion.
3. Geographic systems – understanding of the physical and human systems and the interactons amongs them.
(Atmosphere the hydrosphere, listhosphere and biosphere)
Baoic defniiono of concepto:
Absolute locaton – the locaton of a place as pinpointed in terms of the global geographic grid.
Relatve locaton – the locaton reference to another place
- Describes the accessibility such as (nearer or further)
- It is constantly changing
- Also change if the trerritorial site of an actvity’s organizaton change.
- Afects the interacton between places and the accessibility of a specifc place.
- Example Cape Town is located 2kem north of the CBD area.
Situaton - locaton of a place relatve to other places
- Knowledge of the place’s situaton that helps us understand how it interacts with rest of the
world.
Space – refers to the distributon of features
- 3 main propertes of distributon across space namely density, concentraton and patern.
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GGH1501 Semester 1 NOTES – Created by Richelle Lambert
Scale – a quanttatve statement of the relatve sizes of an object on a map and in reality. (aap scale, writen scale
and graphical scale. Can be expressed in one of 3 ways.
Connectedness – connectons between places results in spatal interacton
- Places are connected through a networke
Characterioico of Map projeeciono:
Projectons – second fundamental characteristc of maps
- Governs the way we show informaton and shows locatons on a fat map
- Process of projectng the globe onto the map introduces distorton.
Projectons must distort either – size as distance or shape orientaton or both.
Conformal aaps – maps that distort size but preserve shape
- aeractor projecton showing the lattude and longitude
Equal- area aaps – preserve size but distort shape.
Geographic grid used to describe the absolute locaton. Done with reference where the Greenwich aeridian and the
Equator intersect.
Purpooe of geographic grid
The geographic grid is a system designed to pinpoint any locaton on Earth by laying a vertcal and horizontal
grid over the Earth's layout.
Different characterioico of laitude and longitude
Lattude: run east-west, run parallel, numbered from equator (0 degrees)
Longitude: runs north-south, not parallel, all lines meet at North and South pole, separted by distances
Concept of a region:
- Areas defned by 1 or more distnctve characteristcs or a unique combinaton of features.
- Such as climate and soil type
- Language or economic actvity
Geographers defne regions and describe as well as analyze the similarites and the diferences.
They also study the paterns and how people organize their societes.
Criteria to defne a region: Physical or cultural
Typeo of regiono:
1. Formal – also called uniform region or homogeneous region
- an area within which everyone share in common one or more distnctve chatacteristcs
- shared future such as cultural values (common language)
- Economic actvity (producton)
-Environmental property (climate)
Geographers identfy formal regions – explain broad global or natonal paterns and variatons or economic
development. E.g. Chicago (government covers the legal cost and limits and collects the taxes)
2. Functonal region – also called the nodal region
- an area organized around a node or focal point.
- defned by the interactons among places such as trade / communicaton.
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