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Samenvatting Buitenlandse rechtstelsels

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Samenvatting BRS: Frans recht - Duits recht - Anglo-Amerikaans recht & gastcollege Nederlands recht

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  • June 22, 2023
  • 122
  • 2022/2023
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SAMENVATTING BUITENLANDSE RECHTSTELSELS 2023

Inhoudsopgave
inleiding (14 februari 2023).................................................................................................................................................................. 4

thema 1: frans recht............................................................................................................................................................................. 6

I. Historische context......................................................................................................................................................................................6
I.1/ onderdeel van het (West-) romeinse rijk.............................................................................................................................................6
I.2/ 476: val van het West-Romeinse rijk (invallen van de Germanen)......................................................................................................6
I.3/ 8e-18e eeuw: tijdperk van de Franse Koningen...................................................................................................................................6
I.4/ Franse revolutie (1789) tot val van Napoleon (1815)..........................................................................................................................8
I.5/ Val van Napoleon (1815) tot vijfde republiek (1958)...........................................................................................................................9
I.6/ 1958: 5e Republiek (huidig regime).....................................................................................................................................................9

II. rechtsbronnen (16 februari 2023)............................................................................................................................................................10
II.1 Overzicht van de rechtsbronnen .......................................................................................................................................................10
II.2 hiërarchie der normen .......................................................................................................................................................................14

III. Staatsstructuur en instellingen (21 februari 2023).................................................................................................................................15
Inleiding: Scheiding der machten ligt basis van de FR staatsstructuur....................................................................................................15
III.1 Wetgevende en uitvoerende macht (2 maart 2023).........................................................................................................................15
III.2 Rechterlijke macht.............................................................................................................................................................................27

IV. Caput selectum (23 februari)...................................................................................................................................................................33
IV.1/ laïcité ..............................................................................................................................................................................................33
IV.2 pensioenhervorming (!!! EXAMEN)...................................................................................................................................................38

thema 2: duits recht (7 maart 2023).................................................................................................................................................... 40

inleiding........................................................................................................................................................................................................40

I. Historische context....................................................................................................................................................................................41
I.1/ Voor 962.............................................................................................................................................................................................41
I.2/ Eerste keizerrijk..................................................................................................................................................................................41
I.3/ Politieke instabiliteit 1806-1871 .......................................................................................................................................................43
I.4/ Tweede keizerrijk 1871-1918.............................................................................................................................................................44
I.5/ 1918-1933: Weimarrepubliek (“German Reich”)...............................................................................................................................45
I.6/ 1933-1945: Nazi-Duitsland (‘Dritte Reich’)........................................................................................................................................46
I.7/ 1945-1989: Naoorlogse periode........................................................................................................................................................46
I.8/ 1989: Duitse hereniging.....................................................................................................................................................................47

II. Duitse teksten ..........................................................................................................................................................................................48
II.1/ Grammatic ........................................................................................................................................................................................48
II.2/ Belangrijke teksten ...........................................................................................................................................................................48

II. Rechtsbronnen (les 21 maart - gastcollege).............................................................................................................................................50
II.1/ Centrale thema’s...............................................................................................................................................................................50

III. Overzicht van de rechtsbronnen..............................................................................................................................................................52
III.1 Grondwet ..........................................................................................................................................................................................52
III.2 Wetgeving .........................................................................................................................................................................................52
III.3 Rechtsverordnungen.........................................................................................................................................................................55

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, IV. Hiërarchie der normen............................................................................................................................................................................55
IV.1 Algemene beginselen van het volkenrecht.......................................................................................................................................55
IV.2 Wetgeving..........................................................................................................................................................................................56
iv.3 Gewoonte...........................................................................................................................................................................................56
IV.4 hoe past het duist federalisme in de hiërarchie der normen...........................................................................................................56

V. Staatsstructuur en instellingen (23 maart - gastcollege).........................................................................................................................57
V.1/ Federalisme.......................................................................................................................................................................................57
V.2/ Republiek...........................................................................................................................................................................................57
V.3/ Wetgevende macht...........................................................................................................................................................................58
V.4/ uitvoerende macht............................................................................................................................................................................58
V.5/ rechterlijke macht.............................................................................................................................................................................58

VI. Caput selectum (28 maart).....................................................................................................................................................................61
VI.1/ Trennungsprinzip en Abstraktionsprinzip........................................................................................................................................61
VI.2/ abortus ............................................................................................................................................................................................61

thema 3: anglo – amerikaans recht: VK (18 april 2023)........................................................................................................................ 64

Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................................................................64
1/ Civil law.................................................................................................................................................................................................64
2/ Common law........................................................................................................................................................................................65
3/ Waarom kiezen we deze twee landen? ..............................................................................................................................................65
4/ Complexiteit van VK ............................................................................................................................................................................66
5/ Complexiteit Verenigde staten van Amerika.......................................................................................................................................67

I. Historische context - Verenigd Koninkrijk (18 april 2023).........................................................................................................................68
I.1/ < 11e eeuw: zwak centraal gezag, grote rechtsverscheidenheid......................................................................................................68
I.2/ 1066: Slag bij Hastings........................................................................................................................................................................68
I.3/ Common Law......................................................................................................................................................................................68
I.4/ Vanaf 12e E: ontwikkeling common law dmv koninklijke rechtspraak.............................................................................................68
I.5/ Opkomst en ontwikkeling van equity.................................................................................................................................................69
I.6/ Versmelting common law en equity law............................................................................................................................................70
I.7/ Latere evoluties..................................................................................................................................................................................70

ii. Rechtsbronnen..........................................................................................................................................................................................70
II.1/ Overzicht van de rechtsbronnen.......................................................................................................................................................71
II.2/ Hiërarchie der normen......................................................................................................................................................................75

III. Staatsstructuur- en instellingen (25 april 2023)......................................................................................................................................78
III.I/ Verenigd Koninkrijk als gedecentraliseerde eenheidsstaat..............................................................................................................78
III.2/ Parlmentaire monarchie..................................................................................................................................................................80
III.3/ Seperation of powers.......................................................................................................................................................................82
III.4/ Wetgevende macht..........................................................................................................................................................................82
III.5/ Uitvoerende macht..........................................................................................................................................................................83
III.6/ Rechterlijke macht...........................................................................................................................................................................83

IV. Capita selecta (25 april 2023).................................................................................................................................................................86
IV.1 Distinguishing in Merritt v Merritt.....................................................................................................................................................86
IV.2 The Supreme Court Brexit Ruling......................................................................................................................................................87

thema 4: anglo – amerikaans recht: UK (2 mei 2023)........................................................................................................................... 88

I. historische context.....................................................................................................................................................................................88

II. rechtsbronnen (4 mei 2023).....................................................................................................................................................................95
II.1/ Overzicht van de rechtsbronnen.......................................................................................................................................................95
II.2 Hiërarchie der normen.......................................................................................................................................................................99


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, III. Staatsstructuur en -instellingen............................................................................................................................................................100
III.1/ Verenigde Staten van Amerika als federale staat..........................................................................................................................100
III.2/ Scheiding der machten...................................................................................................................................................................101
III.3/ Wetgevende macht........................................................................................................................................................................101
III.4/ Uitvoerende macht........................................................................................................................................................................104
III.5/ Rechterlijke macht.........................................................................................................................................................................105

IV. Capitum selecta.....................................................................................................................................................................................109
IV.1 Roe v. Wade.....................................................................................................................................................................................109
IV.2/ Vennootschapsrecht in Delaware (examen!!)...............................................................................................................................110

thema 5: nederlands recht (gastcollege)........................................................................................................................................... 113

5.1 Open systeem met eigenzinnige traditie..............................................................................................................................................113

5.2 parlementaire monarchie.....................................................................................................................................................................114

5.3 hiërarchie van wetgeving.....................................................................................................................................................................114

5.4 Grondgebied nederland........................................................................................................................................................................115

5.5 Strikte hiërarchie van wetgeving..........................................................................................................................................................116
5.5.1 Statuut van het koninkrijk.............................................................................................................................................................116
5.5.2 De grondwet..................................................................................................................................................................................116
5.5.3 Wetten...........................................................................................................................................................................................116

5.6 staatsstructuur en instellingen.............................................................................................................................................................117
5.6.1 De raad van state: advies en bestuursrechtspraak.......................................................................................................................117
5.6.2 Hoge Raad......................................................................................................................................................................................117
5.6.3 Gerechtshoven (4).........................................................................................................................................................................117
5.6.4 Rechtbanken (inclusief kantonrechter) (11)..................................................................................................................................117

5.7 meer verdiept: het privaatrecht...........................................................................................................................................................118
5.7.1 Normaaltype en open norm..........................................................................................................................................................118
5.7.2 KB 1947 – Ontwerp Nieuw Burgerlijk Wetboek............................................................................................................................119
5.7.3 Een nieuw BW?..............................................................................................................................................................................119
5.7.4 Van Frans naar Duits Recht............................................................................................................................................................119

5.8 Snijders.................................................................................................................................................................................................120

5.9 Burgerlijk wetboek................................................................................................................................................................................120

5.10 Beperkende werking...........................................................................................................................................................................121

5.11 Artikel 5:20 BW...................................................................................................................................................................................122




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, INLEIDING (14 FEBRUARI 2023)

Waarom hebben we een vak buitenlandse rechtsstelsels?

Antwoorden studenten:
(1) Ons eigen kleine België is maar een klein stukje van de wereld. De meeste andere landen van de wereld die een groot
deel van de wereld innemen hebben een ander rechtsstelsel. BE is maar een klein land, we moeten het dus misschien wat
relativeren.

(2) om beter samen te kunnen werken met andere landen.
(3) Om leemtes in het eigen BE rechtssysteem op te vullen, inspiratie op te doen.

Antwoorden PowerPoint:
Eerste reden: Het buitenlandse recht heft vaak een belangrijke invloed gehad op ons BE recht
Voorbeeld: vroeger BW was de code napoleon, die lange tijd in BE van toepassing was. Toont goed aan dat als we willen
weten waarom we een bepaalde regel hebben we de geschiedenis moeten kennen, en die komt vaak van een ander
rechtssysteem dan het Belgische.

Tweede reden: We opereren in een toenemende internationale operationering. Werken als jurist vaak met een ander
rechtssysteem. In de Europese unie aan we supranationaal recht over ons nationaal recht gieten, om Europees recht te
begrijpen gaan we vaak ook nationaal recht moeten begrijpen (van ook andere lidstaten van de EU) en gaan moeten
begrijpen hoe supranationaal geïmplementeerd wordt in andere lidstaten.

Zien vaak dat er eenmaking of harmonisatie vh recht gebeurt in de EU. Belangrijk om andere rechtstelsels te kennen om te
weten wara harmonisatie vandaan komt en hoe we best kunnen harmoniseren. (welke elementen overnemen en welke niet?)

Toepassing van het buitenlands recht in het BE rechtssysteem (kan dat IPR zegt dat BE rechter buitenlands recht gaat
moeten toepassen.) Moeten in IPR kijken naar BE definitie van bv. ov, maar ook buitenlandse definities.

Derde reden: Als men jurist is, moet men het recht kritisch in vraag stellen. Dat kan men doen door ook buitenlands recht te
bestuderen. Buitenlands recht kan oplossingen aanreiken voor concrete problemen waarmee we in ons BE recht
geconfronteerd worden.

Lege ferenda: als je recht wil aanpassen, een regel wel of niet wil invoeren, kan je ter inspiratie gaan kijken naar wat andere
landen al gedaan hebben.

Vierde reden: praktische reden: kan dat je in een vak een rechtsvergelijkend onderzoek moet voeren. Nuttig dat je basis idee
hebt v hoe het gaat verlopen, zodat je context mee hebt en gn fouten maakt.
Voorbeeld: Frans arrest waarde toekennen die verschilt v hoe die in dat land geïnterpreteerd moet W.

Vijfde reden: kennis van buitenlands recht kan interessant zijn. Hoe zitten de verkiezingen, abortuszaak, … in Amerika? Hoe
komt het dat UK een common law – land is? Waarom zijn er strenge waarborgen in de Duitse grondwet? Dingen die we elke
dag tot ons nemen beter kunnen begrijpen. Als mens is het belangrijk buiten het enge vakdomein van het BE recht te gaan
kijken.

Overzicht en selectie buitenlandse rechtsstelsels
Vroeger: drie aparte vakken
Vandaag: alle vakken in geïntegreerd in 1 vak




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