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OVM3701 Notes.
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OVM3701 Notes.,4
LEARNING UNIT 4
INTERVIEWING AND INTERROGATION
4
Overview of learning unit 4
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS
4.3 INTERVIEWING, INTERROGATION AND EXTRACTION
4.4 JUDICIAL RESTRICTIONS ON INTERVIEWING AND INTERROGATION
4.5 VARIABLES INVOLVED IN INTERVIEWING AND INTERROGATION
4.6 THE PERSON WHO IS BEING INTERROGATED: TYPES OF SUSPECTS
4.7 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL INTERVIEWERS AND
INTERROGATORS
4.8 GENERAL APPROACHES TO INTERVIEWING AND INTERROGATION
4.9 SPECIFIC INTERVIEWING AND INTERROGATION TECHNIQUES
4.10 THE INTERROGATION ROOM AND RESOURCES USED IN
INTERROGATION
4.11 PLANNING AND PREPARING FOR INTERVIEWS AND
INTERROGATIONS
4.12 CONCLUSION
4.13 QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION
REFERENCES
TIME REQUIRED FOR LEARNING UNIT 4
This learning unit will require approximately 17 hours.
OVM3701/1 93
, 4.1 INTRODUCTION
After an incident has come to the attention of the police or corporate investigator, the
investigator should investigate the incident to establish the truth and, if the incident
constitutes an offence, provide all possible evidence to the court. Since the beginning
of police investigations, information was mostly obtained from witnesses and other
people involved.
Even though modern policing is moving away from the strong emphasis on verbal
evidence to the more reliable and objective information that can be obtained through
scientific analysis of physical evidence (exhibits), interviewing and interrogation still
play a very important role in obtaining all possible information on a crime. To obtain
this verbal information, the police rely on interviewing of the witness and interrogation
of the suspect.
ACTIVITY 4.1
Time required for activity: 60 minutes
You have probably already had some experience in interviewing witnesses and
interrogating suspects, or have seen how your colleagues at work do this. Use your
experience to answer the following question.
Suppose that you have to help a new police officer to develop the skills of interviewing
and interrogation. Write down some key ideas that you would share with them about
the following:
• Legal restrictions on interviewing and interrogations: what you may and may not do
• The questioning techniques that you can use to obtain as much information as
possible from a witness
• The questioning techniques that you can use to obtain as much information as
possible from a suspect
• How to prepare for an interviewing or interrogation session
FEEDBACK
As you work through this learning unit, please revisit this activity regularly and reconsider
your list of key ideas.
Interviewing and interrogation refer to the “unlocking” of a person’s thoughts when
an attempt is made to gather information. Information may be obtained by asking
questions, but it may also be given voluntarily, for example where a person reveals all
the facts without being prompted with questions. The difference between these two
concepts will be discussed later in this learning unit.
In spite of recent technological advances, interviewing and interrogation remain an
important part of investigation. In some way, we are all regularly interviewed and even
occasionally interrogated; most of the information we have at our disposal can be traced
back to interviewing or interrogation. However, these processes are so common and
so integral to our lives that we are usually unaware of them and do not realise how
important and complex they are.
94
, LEARNING UNIT 4: Interviewing and interrogation
OUTCOMES FOR LEARNING UNIT 4
On completion of this learning unit, you should be able to:
• distinguish between interviewing, interrogation and extraction
• outline how you should adhere to the judicial restrictions when conducting interviews
and interrogations
• identify the variables that would influence the success of interviews and
interrogations
• identify different types of suspects in order to decide on appropriate interrogation
approaches and techniques
• compare the qualities of successful interviewers and interrogators with those of
less successful interviewers and interrogators
• identify and use various interrogation approaches and techniques
• identify and use appropriate resources to ensure successful interviews and
interrogations
• describe how to make all the necessary arrangements and preparations to conduct
interviews and interrogations
The mind map (figure 4.1) on the following page provides a visual overview of the
structure of this learning unit.
OVM3701/1 95
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