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Summary memory

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notes on all of the AO1 and AO3 content in the memory topic (AQA psychology)

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  • Memory
  • June 23, 2023
  • 10
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
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researchoncoding

theprocessofconvertinginformationbetweendifferentforms iscalledcoding Baddeley119661gavelistsofdifferent
wordsto t groupsto remember

Group 1 acousticallysimilar eg.catcab can
Group z acousticallydissimilareg
pitfew cow
Group 3 semantically similareg greatlargebig
Group t semanticallydissimilareg goodhuge not



participantsaskedtorecallwordsinthelorrectorderwhentheydidthisimmediately still theydidworsewithacoustical
similarwords After a cominuteinterval itml theydidworsewithsemanticallysimilarwords suggeststhatstmis

codedacousticallyandam is iodedsemantically


SEPARATEMEMORY STORES StmusingmostlyacousticcodingandLtmusingsemantichasstoodthetestoftime
Helpedwithourunderstanding ofthememorysystem whichledtothemultistoremodel

Artificialstimuli thelistofwordshadno personalm eaningtopps sofindingsmaynottellusaboutc odingineveryday
life findingshavelimitedapplication


research on capacity

Jacobs118871 theresearcherreadsoutfourdigitsandtheparticipantrecallstheseoutloudinorder Iftheygetitrightthe

theparticipantcannolongerrecalltheorderc orrectlythisindicates apersons
researcherreadsoutsdigitsandsoonuntil

digitspan Foundthatthemeanfordigitswasa 3items themeanforletterswas7.3


daypractice Henotedthingsthatcomein sevenseg daysoftheweekdeadlysins
Miller119561madeobservationsofevery

Hethoughtthat thedigitspanofstmwasabout712 Healsonotedthatpeoplecanrecallswordsaseasilyastheycan
recall s letters wedothisbychunking


AvalidSTUDY Jacobsstudyhasbeenreptilatedolderstudiesoftenlackedadequatecontrols HoweverJacobsfindings
havebeenionfirmedbybetterion
t rolledstudies

Notsomanychunks Millermayhaveoverestimatedstmcapacity cowanzool reviewedotherresearchand ionnuded
thatstirrapacityisonly 41

, researchonduration

sattestedatstudentsin 8trialseach
PetersonandPetersoncia oneachtrialt heyweregivena consonantsyllableeg yea
theywerealsogiven a 3digitn umber thestudentcountedbackwardsfromthenumberuntiltoldtostopthiswasdoneto
preventanymentalreversal oneachtrialtheyweretoldtostopaftervaryingtimeperiods 3 o a 18seconds after3
seconds averagerecallwasaboutsot andafterissecondsitwasabout it


Bannicketal 11975 studied392americansaged17 74 Highschoolyearbookswereobtained recallwastestedby
i photorecognition containingso photosfromyearbooks
2 freerecallwherepps recalledallnames
participantstestedwithin isyearsofgraduationwereabout aoi accurateinphoto recognition after48years recall
declinedto tot Freerecall botafterisyears sotafter48years


MEANINGLESS stimuliINSTMSTUDY Peterson
andPeterson's studynotcompletelyirrelevantb ecausewesometimesrememb
meaninglessmateriales phonenumbers Howeverrecallingconsonantsyllablesdoesn'tr eflecte verydaymemoryactivities

Lacusexternalvalidity

HiottE XTERNALVALIDITY Bannick'sstudyinvestigatedmeaningfulmemories whenctmstudieswereconductedwith

meaninglesspicturestoberemembered recallr ateswerelower

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