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HBEDECS EXAM PACK 2023
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HBEDECS EXAMPACK 2023
UPDATED REVISION
PACK
,Question 2 A Name: Suvana
1. Define in your own words what Comparative education is all about (5)
Comparative education
o offers benchmarks by which to critic the presentation of education systems.
o It displays what is conceivable by groping substitutes to provision.
o Via watching experience in several nations, it labels what might be the consequences of
certain courses of action.
o It Has significant, helpful and instructional parts to play in the advancement of any
strategies for educational transformation.
Aid in resolution making:
o Comparative education shows us that our complications are not exclusive.
o Experiences of other countries can nourish unswervingly into policy creations plus
judgment creation in our own nation.
Comparative standards:
o It delivers to approximation, the standing of a particular country, in relation to other
countries on educational matters that are of attention.
Remedies, misconceptions
o It elucidates and modifies misunderstandings that could be supposed as certainty by
people.
From particular to general-
o This helps us move from being aware of one massive thing and allows us to be aware of
heaps of diminutive things.
Abuses of Comparative Education:
o It is rather excellent to end segregation of public due to race.
o At times we need to consider the fact that what may work for one country may never
even slightly work for the other country.
o We cannot adopt just anything and follow suit as another country may be doing due to
the fact that situations vary and therefore decisions need to be taken in accordance.
o There can be a grave exploitation of Comparative education when people are unaware
on how to construe information or willfully control information to attend to their own
welfares.
2. Briefly outline the main characteristics of both qualitative and quantitative
research approaches in the field of comparative and international education
(5)
Quantitative research
Is to explain and thus to predict the relationship between objects and events.
The aim is to classify features, count them, and construct statistical models in an attempt
to explain what is observed.
A quantitative research design for this particular research falls under four categories;
namely
o descriptive research,
o correlational research,
o casual research or
o experimental research.
Qualitative research
is the understanding of the reality of individual or groups and the results are presented in
a natural language.
This type seeks to explore and explain phenomena from those who are studied.
The four categories of research are;
o phenomenological research,
o case study research,
o ethnographic research or
o grounded theory research.
,Question 2 B Name: Hannelie
Education and Schooling are value- laden practices
Write a short essay to explain in your own words what the purpose
of schooling are and how a framework of ethics can assist teachers
and learners to fulfil theses purposes of schooling and thus to
benefit society (20)
Purpose of schooling:
They prepare people for the world of work (economic value for the country)
Enhance nation-building and citizenship (political goal)
Teaches democratic values to children and young adults (public education which is a
political vehicle)
Provides a teaching and learning environment(educational goal)
Helps develop the individual l(educational goal)
Framework of Ethics:
Ethics refers to the study of values, more specifically in the context educational values
Ethics are well founded standards that make the action right or wrong.
It helps categorize different values such as integrity, discipline and honesty among others
and apply them in daily lives. Ethics influences behavior and allows an individual to make
right choices.
Christie(2008:210-216) proposed the framework of ethics in various spheres of society and
education. She mentioned the following key points:
1. Ethics to commitment to intellectual rigour
Teachers should teach students to use their minds as well as their hearts in striving towards
intellectual rigour.
This means that both students and teachers should strive and be aware of weighing
evidence and arguments. Arguments should not be bias to any political position, rather be
of intellectual vigilance and integrity.
By doing this, issue of power, knowledge and moral dilemmas can be addressed positively.
The state should provide:
o proper infrastructure
o a feasible curriculum
o minimum standards
o governance training for principals
o and competence to manage the logistics of education provision
Therefore, polices and government plans cannot overshadow the responsibility and
autonomy that teachers need to demonstrate. These include:
o *professional conduct
o *adequate subject knowledge
o *discipline actions
o *a sense of wholeness
2. Ethics of civility
Education should prepare young people for participation in public life.
Learners need to learn to share the same public realm. Treating others with respect and
care
ls an important part of being a good citizen and is a load-bearing beam that provides a
, foundation for ethical leadership.
Therefore education should prepare young people on how to become a responsible person.
Those responsibility includes:
o Respecting others
o Avoiding harm
o Building trust
o Communicating with others
o Listening to others
o Engage people in meaningful work and
o Providing an environment where everyone can do their best
3. Ethics of care:
To be human means to have an ethical responsibility to take care for others.
In education, it means to reflect deeply on living with others who are different ,but with
a focus on common humanness, expressed care and responsibility for others.
Therefore human beings can thus understand themselves in a shared world where hey can
work together to change the world for the better.
o Proper infrastructure
o a feasible curriculum
Provide proper infrastructure
Question 2 C Name: Rura
Discuss in an essay format how the social capital theory and the theory of
overlapping spheres of influence could guide you in your own school to utilize
the potential of parent involvement with education. Refer specifically to
Epstein’s typology of parent involvement.(20)
SOCIAL CAPITAL THEORY
o used by Colemn as an inclusive term to denote the social resources available to children to
aid educational growth
o variance in children achievements can be explained by social capital.
o Putmann 1995 refers to the social networks, norms and trusts that facilitate educational
achievements particularly these established between parents, learners and schools.
Coleman 1988 distinguishes between the different social capital provided by the home and
school in the socialisation of the children
First category of inputs are:
o opportunities, demands and rewards comes from the school.
Second category of inputs described as
o attitudes, effort and conception of self are instilled mainly by social environment of the
home.
learners positive ideas about and attitudes towards the importance of education begin with high
parental expectations and high levels of parent child interaction.
large number of the educational impact of parents is mediated by the aspirations of families for
their children.
Financially poor families may still have high educational aspirations for their children interact
regularly with them and support educational pursuits ,such children will be successful scholars
irrespective of the poverty of their families.
social capital is also found in the community in which the child lives, meaning the ability of the
community to increase resources in order in order to contribute to the development of its
members.
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