CSFA Exam review Questions and Answers

True - Answer- Placenta previa: A placenta that is attached to the lower portion of the uterine wall covering the cervix; when the cervix begins to open closer to labor, the placenta detaches and causes severe maternal hemorrhage. 24 hrs following initial closure - Answer- In general, an incision should NOT be allowed to get wet until Endogenous - Answer- ______contamination causes a greater number of infections in all types of wounds except those classified as clean 5 days - Answer- Most wound infections do not become evident clinically for ____ days or longer after operation Spores - Answer- _________ are the resting, protective stage of some rod-shaped bacilli Naloxone (Narcan) - Answer- __________ reverses the effects of opiate agonists and is used clinically to reverse respiratory depression and excessive sedation that results from opiate overdosage Streptococcus pyogenes - Answer- this paricular opportunistic pathogen is responsible for about 90% of all cases of pharyngitis---strep throat Monofilament - Answer- _______ sutures are preferable in contaminated wounds Pseudomonas - Answer- _______ is often encountered in hospital and clinical work because it is a major cause of nosocomal infections and is often found in burn victims Staphylococcus aureus - Answer- What is the most common bacteria found in postopeative wound infections 24 - Answer- Infections due to streptococci or clostridia may become severe within ______ hours Anaerobic - Answer- Clostridium are gram-positive, spore-forming rods that are Nociception - Answer- __________ is the transmission of the pain stimulus from the periphery to the brain. urinary tract infection (UTI) - Answer- What is the most common nonsocomial infection Clostridium botulinum - Answer- _______ produces one of the most potent toxins in existence and the cause of the deadly food poisoning vasoconstrictor - Answer- Epinephrine 1:200,000 retards the systemic absorption and prolongs the duration of infiltration anesthesia. Epinephrine is referred to as a Staphylococcus aureus - Answer- ________ has been found to be the most common causative agent in such ailments as pneumonia, meningitis, boils, arthritis, and osteomyelitis (chronic bone infection) Halothane - Answer- Which of the following is commonly used for inhalation induction Midazolam (Versed) - Answer- Which of the following has superior amnestic properties and is an ideal agent for intavenous titration in the operating room holding area prior to thr patient's entering the operating room. Glutaraldehyde - Answer- Which of the following is an example of a high-level disinfecting agent? fibrin - Answer- During coagulation, thrombin unites with fibrinogen, a blood protein, to form Delayed primary closure - Answer- A wound that is known to be infected at the time of surgery and is left open to be closed at a later date is categorized as Clostridium difficile - Answer- In patients who develop fever, abdominal pain, and profuse diarrhea, the most frequently seen antibiotic-associated enterocolitis is due to which of the following organisms? contaminated - Answer- An adult male is injured in an automobile accident at 2 AM, an exploratory laparotomy for possible perforated bowel is initiated at 5 AM, which of the following is the BEST wound classification in this scenario. Penrose drain - Answer- This drainage system is associated with increased infection rate in clean wounds Clean-contaminated - Answer- In wound classification, if the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract is entered without significant spillage or there is only a minor break in technique the wound would be classified as Dehiscence - Answer- is a total or partial separation of the wound layers at any level Benzodiazepines - Answer- _______ produce anxiolysis, sedation, and amnesia. Clean Contaminated, Dirty - Answer- During a repair of the vaginal wall, which is a classification, purulent drainage is encountered, the classification of the wound changes to Keloids - Answer- is a Hypertrophic abnormal raised, thickened scar that extends beyond the normal borders/margins of the normal scar due to excessive dense fibrous collagen formation. side to side - Answer- During first First intention healing the wound heals across the incision line. Depolarization - Answer- Sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) trade places, the electricity flows in a wave-like motion throughout the heart Forced air warming blanket - Answer- Which of the following BEST prevents hypothermia in the OR? Telfa - Answer- which of the following is considered a non-impregnated nonadherent dressing. Fibrin - Answer- During coagulation, thrombin unites with fibrinogen, a blood protein, to form protamine sulfate - Answer- ______ reverses the effects of heparin administered during open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass Fibrinogen - Answer- Cryoprecipitate is a product derived from plasma that has been frozen and then thawed. It is rich in clotting factors such as factor VIII and fibrinogen. Cryoprecipitate is administered to patients with bleeding due to deficiency. Hypertonic - Answer- A red blood cell in this solution will shrink and wrinkle-up because water molecules are moving out of the cell Platelets - Answer- are used in cases where bleeding is due to thrombocytopenia or platelet-function abnormalities. For adults, pooled platelets or single-donor apheresis platelets are usually ordered. Transduction - Answer- __________ begins with the physical stimulus to an electrical signal by free nerve endings in the tissues "damaged tissue releases chemical substances locally that stimulate these nerve endings" Balanced salt solution, such as Ringer's lactate - Answer- Surgical Patient Fluid and Electrolyte Abnormalities; The type of fluid replaced will depend in most cases on the serum electrolyte profile. If electrolytes are relatively normal in the face of obvious volume depletion, losses can be assumed to be isosmotic with plasma and should be replaced with a Papaverine - Answer- During dissection of the internal mammary artery (IMA), which of the following diluted solutions should be used to dilate the artery and reduce muscle spasm? placed in a needle box and then discarded - Answer- At the conclusion of a surgical procedure, a used hypodermic needle should be ventricular repolarization - Answer- The T wave is indicative of ___________ thrombin - Answer- An enzyme extracted from bovine blood is used therapeutically as a topical hemostatic agent NSAIDs - Answer- ______________ act by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase, thus preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins SA node, AV node, bundle of His, purkinje fibers, ventricular muscle wall - Answer- Normal heart--the first impulse come from the ___ then to ___, located in the atria, then to the ___ these branches are located within the right and left ventricles. At the terminal ends smaller fibers distribute the electrical impulses to the muscle cells to stimulate contraction. Res Ipsa Loquitur - Answer- If a Kelly clamp is left in a patient who underwent a cholecystectomy, which of the following legal charges can be filed? SA node - Answer- The node begins and regulates the electrical impulses that create a normal cardiac rhythm. Helistat® - Answer- This hemostatic agent is made from the raw material collagen (processed bovine tendon) and promotes platelet aggregation. This agent and the instruments and gloves used to apply it must be dry because it adheres extremely well to anything moist. superior mesenteric artery - Answer- The cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, and proximal portion of the transverse colon blood supply is from the artery. Duodenum (small intestine) - Answer- The first portion of the small intestine cecum - Answer- The is the site of attachment for the vermiform appendix. Bone wax - Answer- Which of the following is an example of Mechanical hemostasis Heparin - Answer- Acts as an anticoagulant by inhibiting thrombin. It is commonly used on the setup for vascular cases intracorporal sutures - Answer- This type of suture ligature is passed through an obturator sleeve during a procedure and tied inside the body using laparoscopic needle holders or grasping forceps tension pneumothorax - Answer- During a the increased pressure collapses the lung and pushes the vital structures (heart and major vessels) located in the center to the opposite side of the chest (mediastinal shift) compressing the other lung and return blood flow to the heart. second degree - Answer- The following symptoms would represent a burn classification: Can be red or white in appearance, but will appear dry, Involves the destruction of the entire epidermis and most of the dermis, Sensation can be present, but diminished, Blanching is sluggish or absent ascending aorta - Answer- The heart is supplied by arterial blood through the coronary circulation system. The arteries originate at the base of the Truncus arteriosus - Answer- is a congenital complex malformation in which only one artery arises from the heart to form the aorta and pulmonary artery subclavian artery - Answer- During a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) the internal mammary artery (IMA) is also commonly used as a graft due to its durability. The internal mammary artery, also referred to as the internal thoracic artery, is located on the inside of the chest cavity running along both sides of the sternum and arises from the Lactated Ringers (LR) - Answer- This solution is a combination intravenous fluid containing fixed amounts of dextrose, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and lactate ventricular septal defect/pulmonary valve stenosis/right ventricular hypertrophy - Answer- Tetralogy of Fallot includes which of the following defects? Increase IV fluid drip to allow hemodilution - Answer- A patient who is opposed to the acceptance of blood transfusion on religious principle is undergoing a hysterectomy. During surgery, there was significant blood loss causing hematocrit to drop to 30% with a resulting drop in oxygen saturation. Under these conditions, which of the following is the appropriate response? tissue injury - Answer- Which of the following conditions is MOST common when insulation failure occurs in laparoscopic surgery? Argon - Answer- Which of the following types of laser is used in retinal surgery? CO2 and Nd: YAG - Answer- Which of the following are the most common lasers used in gynecological surgery? McBurney's point - Answer- On initial observation, patients with acute appendicitis prefer to lie motionless as a response to local peritonitis. The maximal area of tenderness will often be at unless the appendix lies in an atypical location. Dispersive pad - Answer- Which of the following is needed to complete the circuit on an ESU when using a monopolar electrode tip? Wirsung - Answer- The duct of _________is the main pancreatic duct Left ventricle (LV) - Answer- The is the largest, thickest, and most powerful chamber of the heart. 7.35-7.45 - Answer- The normal PH range for an adult would be 14-18 g/dL - Answer- The normal hemoglobin range in an adult male