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Summary AQA A level chemistry alcohols full revision notes
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A helpful and comprehensive set of revision notes covering the entire alcohols unit of AQA A level chemistry
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AlcoholsIS. I ALOHOLS INTRODUCTION, IS 2 ETHANOL PRODUcTION
Alcohols have the fuxtional aoup 0H attatched to o hydruotbun dnain
Genea fomula - Cn Han OH or ROH
In alcohcls, the (0-H angle
about I04.5 as the two lone
pais ot ledrons replmort than H H
bondec parn
Pomay alcohols carbon with -OH group has one R aoup
Seconday aleohols - Cabon with -OH qroup has two K groups
Irtia alcohoa cabon with -OH aroup has thíee K giops.
Alcohcs have relativey high melling and bolung p0int due to
hydogen bonding between moleules, [hort chanalcchols ae
solwble n wate. Longer chaio aleohols are not
Ethanol producton!
Ethanol is the most
mportant ukohol , used as asoluent n cosnetics
nd in the maAutactt of drugs, detecqnts and nks
Ethanl Lan be made by reactng H H
ethene (made by uack1ng cuda H-C- (- H
oil) wth steem, using a phosphorc
sd catalyst.
H
Ethene is hydrated- water HC- C- IH
H--C- H
adde acruss double bond H H H H
Makng ethant by fermentation'
Losochudsotes frem plants are boken doun to sugas then
convertd to ethonol by action of enzynes fron yeast
- 35'C temperotur, anerobic
condticns, aquecusz yeast enzuics
Anaerobic respiation 2C0,
Ethonol un be dist1led trorn aqucous natve
EthansL I5 kncwn as a carbon neutra f uel, s the molecules ot
U, rleesed during tumentotion cnd co.nbustion are balancd
by muleeulen absortled in photosynthes1s
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