Summary
Summary AQA A level chemistry carbonyls revision notes
- Course
- Institution
A helpful and comprehensive set of revision notes covering the entire aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and derivatives unit of AQA A level chemistry
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
laurenairey
Content preview
CarbonylALDEHYDES Compounds
26.1 AND IKETONES
Aldehyde
-R CHO H OAldehyde turdiural
group
L benzene orbaldehyde
Ketone
- RCOR
H--QH Ketonc tuncthonol
group
propaaone
Primacy alcohols can be oxId1sed to aldehyces
Seeonday alcohols can be oxidised to ketones
acd1t1ed potassium dchronsade
lestng tor aldehydes and lketongs i
feblng's solutin.
- Aldehyde - blue solutin torms a bide red
- ketone - no VIsible prepitate
hange
Toleds reagent
Aldehyde - s1lver mirroc toans
- Ketone n0 visible
Physical Properties ot cacbonyl compounds
carbonyl yroup is pola,
-
dipola -dpala torces
solubility n water deureases as chan length ceases
Rlduction ot aldehydes and ketoaes
(arbonys can be educed to caleohols u[ing NabH4 Creleasea H:)
- Condtions wam, water solveat
Nudeophilie addition (eaction
-
H 1ons in the vmechansy cissociate from water salvent
H H H
’H -C-OH
equation tor redctin of propcnont to propn ?el
CH, Co CH 2CH’ cH, CH OH CH
Complete reduction ot bul2-enal
H -C--C-0 -H
H-(-ic-2Hz Cvergthng
, 26. 2 REACTIONS OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
The addit1cn ot HN to an aldehuda or ketone s usel as the
One crbon.
hydoxy n e product has ts alkyl chan extended by
G the -Ol and -CN qroups can also be conveetea
-
Keaaent - auditied KCN
HCN s a toxic o as, KCN is toXIC but sol1d
- Cond1t1ons - retlux n aldc soluton
Nucleophile uanide ICn?CEN
Ethanal +
CNZH:
Nitrie acbon
H IS number
Hc-H h the
chan
2-bydroxypcopanenitla
CH CHOHCN
Optical lnact1atyi
The reactin produces a racemc axtue because (3 s
plan, S0 there ss cn equal chane ot the nucleoph1le
alacking the cot trom above or
below the plane
Ihe ceaction ot aa symetical ketone torms an optca
nactivt procuct as uw ell, beLause theres na chirc carbo
Pentan-3one
H
’H,H,C -C-CN
HH,C cH, CH,
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller laurenairey. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.65. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
64419 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now