NYSTCE English Language Arts (003) Test 100% Correct

NYSTCE English Language Arts (003) Test 100% Correct Epic poems a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero, adventures Epistolary Poetry written and read as letters Ballads songlike poems that tell a story, often dealing with adventure, romance, death and religion Elegies poems of loss that express both praise for the dead and an element of consolation Odes Poems that express strong emotions about life, evolved from songs Epigrams/ limericks Known for humor and wit Sonnet a poem of fourteen lines using any of a number of formal rhyme schemes, in English typically having ten syllables per line. novel of manners a novel focusing on and describing the social customs and habits of a particular social group Sentimental love novels originated in romanticism epistolary novel a novel in letter form written by one or more of the characters Bildungsroman Novel German coming of age stories. Youth's struggles with identity and life's meaning (Catcher in theRye, Lord of the Flies) Roman a' clef Require real life frame of reference for full understanding (key). Disguises truth too dangerous for author to state directly (Animal Farm, Nun's Priest Tale: Canterbury Tales) Realism Addresses ethical issues Satire the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. (Alexander Pope's "Rape of Lock," John Swift's "A Modest Proposal" Used to depict lower-class characters speech in dramas Colloquial Prose Used to depict upper-class characters speech in dramas Stylized verse Example of a play within a play Hamlet Shakespeare borrowed themes and characters from which author Christopher Marlowe (Merchant of Venice- Jew of Malta) Comedy light and humorous drama with a happy ending 3 types of dramatic comedy Farce, romantic comedy, satirical comedy Farce A comedy that contains an extravagant and nonsensical disregard of seriousness, although it may have a serious, scornful purpose. Highly improbable events romantic comedy a type of comedy whose likable and sensible main characters are placed in difficulties from which they are rescued at the end of the play, either attaining their ends or having their good fortunes restored. (Much Ado About Nothing- Shakespeare) Satirical Comedy and Black Comedy generally mock and lampoon human foolishness and vices; make main characters either fool, morally corrupt, cynical in attitude. characters display foible- cuckolded spouses, dupes, other gullible types. Examples Volpone-Ben Jonson, The Birds- Aristophanes, When extended to extremes it is black comedy, comedic occurrences are grotesque or terrible Tradgedy A serious drama in which the hero is brought to defeat by a character flaw/personal action Aristotle's criteria for tragedy in drama 1. Anagnorisis - tragic insight or recognition 2. Hamartia - tragic flaw or tragic error 3. Hubris - pride, violent transgression, arrogant overstepping of moral bounds 4. Nemesis - "retribution" represents cosmic punishment or payback 5. peripeteia - "turning" plot reversal from safe to endangered Anagnorisis Recognition of truth about one's self and his actions; moment of clarity Hamartia a fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero or heroine Hubris excessive pride or arrogance that results in the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy Nemesis Punishment or payback the tragic hero recieves Peripeteia reversal of fortune "turning" Hegel's theory of tragedy dynamic conflict of opposite forces or rights revenge tragedy Wrongdoer has not been punished (Titus Andronicus, Hamlet) Hamlet's tragic flaw Hamlet's failure to act and his indecisiveness. "To be or not to be" Topic Subject of the text Main idea The most important point being made by the author denotative meaning the literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase connotative meaning the meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase Syntax The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. Allusion A reference to another work of literature, person, or event comic relief A humorous scene or speech intended to lighten the mood theme in Les Miserables Importance of love and compassion for others The Odyssey Epic poem The Divine Comedy Epic poem Charles Dickens 19th-century British novelist and short-story writer he Decameron is a series of novellas within a frame tale (like Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, which it influenced) rather than an epic poem, written by Giovanni Bocaccio in Florentine Italian (1353). Placing literature in historical context, which of the following statements is true? William Shakespeare published Hamlet before the first American colony was made Which of these American literary classics reflects the Civil War in its setting? Little Women by Louisa May Alcott Which poetic form is characterized by three lines in free verse, always totaling 17 syllables, with each line frequently having five, seven, and five syllables respectively, and concisely but vividly conveying the experience of an image, scene, and/or moment? Haiku Within the genre of poetry, poems in which form are the shortest and easiest to remember? Epigram Medival time period Influenced by Greek and Latin philosophies John Donne Founder of the metaphysical poets metaphysical poetry The work of poets, particularly those of the seventeenth century, that uses elaborate conceits, is highly intellectual, and expresses the complexities of love and life. Alluded to classical mythology/ nature imagery. Neo-Platonism influences lover's beauty reflected eternity's beauty Romanticism gained momentum/ identified from what? French Revolution (1789) against the political and social standards of the aristocracy and overthrowing them. Edgar Allan Poe is what kind of author? Romantic 6 major romantic poets William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats John Keats is known for: His 6 Odes carpe diem poetry poetry that stresses the brevity of life and living life to its fullest Couplet Two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme Couplets function as the answer to a question asked earlier in the poem, the solution to problem/riddle, establish mood, clarity, theme Enjambment A run-on line of poetry in which logical and grammatical sense carries over from one line into the next. anecdote Brief story authors may relate, which can illustrate their points in a more real and relatable way Aphorisms State common beliefs and may rhyme Example of an aphorism "Early to bed and early to rise/ make a man healthy, wealthy, and wise" -Benjamin Franklin In John Steinbeck's "Of Mice and Men," George's last name is Milton, which is what rhetorical device? Allusion, referring to John Milton Paradox a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true Oxymoron conjoining contradictory terms (as in 'deafening silence') bitter-sweet Living dead Examples of oxymorons Syllogism A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. deductive reasoning general to specific inductive reasoning specific to general Diction A writer's or speaker's choice of words establishing tone or effect or ways in which specific characters speak (individual characteristics) Understatement A statement that says less than what is meant Chiasmus A statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country" is an example of Chiasmus Anaphora repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines "We shall fight in the trenches. We shall fight on the oceans. We shall fight in the sky" is an example of? Anaphora Affixes ...a morpheme that comes at the beginning (prefix) or the ending (suffix) of a base morpheme ful, ly, ity, able, like, less Jargon special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand. Colloquialism informal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing conciseness getting message across in the fewest words possible