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NSG5003 Midterm Exam
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NSG5003 Midterm Exam (Version 2, Latest, 2020): Advanced pathophysiology: SouthUniversity
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential to initiate an
action potential?
Question 1 options:
Potassium gates open and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from
negative to positive
Sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative
to
positive.
Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive
negative.
Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive t
negative.
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Question 2 (5 points)
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical
injury?
Question 2 options:
Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesi
Influx of potassium ions into the mitochondria occurs, halting the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
production.
Edema of the Golgi body occurs, preventing the transport of proteins out of the cell.
Shift of calcium out of the plasma membrane occurs, destroying the cytoskeleton.
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,Question 3 (5 points)
In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because:
Question 3 options:
The cell membrane permeability increases for sodium during periods of hypoxia.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell.
The lactic acid produced by the hypoxia binds with sodium in the cell.
Sodium cannot be transported to the cell membrane during hypoxia.
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Question 4 (5 points)
What mechanisms occur in the liver cells as a result of lipid accumulation?
Question 4 options:
Obstruction of the common bile duct, preventing the flow of bile from the liver to the gallbladder
Increased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of apoproteins
Increased binding of lipids with apoproteins to form lipoproteins
Increased conversion of fatty acids to phospholipids
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Question 5 (5 points)
Which solution is best to use when cleaning a wound that is healing by 101.
During an Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, the
degranulation of mast cells is a result of which receptor action?
Question 5 options:
Histamine bound to H2
, Chemotactic factor binding to the receptor
Epinephrine bound to mast cells
Acetylcholine bound to mast cells
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Question 6 (5 points)
What is the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity reactions?
Question 6 options:
Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation, followed by a discharg
of preformed mediators.
Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids, and the immune complexes ar
then deposited in the tissues.
Cytotoxic T (Tc) lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing helper T 1 (Th1) cells directly attack and destro
cellular targets.
Antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface.
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Question 7 (5 points)
Type III hypersensitivity reactions are a result of which of the following?
Question 7 options:
Antibodies coating mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation, followed by the
discharge of preformed mediators
Antibodies binding to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes
being deposited in the
tissues
Cytotoxic T (Tc) cells or lymphokine-producing helper T 1 (Th1) cells directly attacking and destroying
cellular targets
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