All living organisms are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms.
New cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Types of Cells:
Prokaryotic Cells: Simple cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
Examples: Bacteria.
Eukaryotic Cells: Complex cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Examples: Plant and animal cells.
Cell Organelles:
Nucleus: Control center of the cell, contains genetic material (DNA).
Mitochondria: Produces energy through cellular respiration.
Chloroplasts (in plant cells): Site of photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.
Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport.
Cell Membrane: Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Cell Functions:
Respiration: Cells take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
Nutrition: Cells obtain nutrients and break them down for energy.
Reproduction: Cells divide to create new cells (cell division).
english
Simile:
A figure of speech that compares two unlike things using "like" or "as."
Example: "Her smile was as bright as the sun."
Metaphor:
A figure of speech that directly equates two different things.
Example: "The world is a stage."
Personification:
A figure of speech that gives human qualities or characteristics to non-human
objects or concepts.
Example: "The wind whispered through the trees."
Symbolism:
The use of objects, actions, or images to represent abstract ideas or qualities.
Example: The color green often symbolizes growth and renewal.
Irony:
A literary technique that involves a contrast between expectation and reality.
Example: A fire station burning down is an example of situational irony.
historie
Topic: World War II
Causes of World War II:
Treaty of Versailles: The harsh terms imposed on Germany after World War I
contributed to feelings of resentment and economic instability.
Rise of Fascism: The ideologies of Adolf Hitler in Germany, Benito Mussolini in
Italy, and the militaristic government in Japan led to aggressive expansionist
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