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Overview of the Chemical Process of Smell
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  • Course
  • Integration Of Physiological Systems (BMS2038)
  • Institution
  • University Of Surrey (UNIS)

A brief introduction into the chemical process involved in the smelling process. Gives a nice introduction to the types of tissue and receptors involved. At the end of the notes, there is a a bit of background into covid-19 and how one of the main symptoms (loss of smell) came out and the biologica...

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Document information

  • June 26, 2023
  • 2
  • 2020/2021
  • Class notes
  • Dr sarah bailey
  • All classes

Subjects

  • smell
  • nose
  • olfactory
  • epithelium
  • receptors
  • function
  • covid

Written for

  • University of Surrey (UNIS)
  • Unknown
  • Integration Of Physiological Systems (BMS2038)
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Chemical Special Senses Smell

• Humans can perceive over 100,000 odorants
• We can distinguish between a few thousand of them
• Only 20% of them are perceived as pleasant
• Important for sensing danger (e.g. Spoiled meat, smoke), as well as making nutritious food pleasant and palatable




• To warm (or cool) and to moisturise the air we breathe
• To sample a small proportion of the inhaled air by passing it through the olfactory epithelium




• Your smell receptors are located in the olfactory epithelium, a thin sheet of cells deep inside the nasal cavity
• Only a small proportion of breathed air reaches this area
• Human olfactory epithelium = 10cm2
• Dog olfactory epithelium = 170cm2
• In addition, dogs have more receptors per cm2




• Olfactory receptor cells carrying cilia embedded in mucus, are found in the olfactory epithelium
• The other side of the receptor cells face the olfactory bulb, a protruding part of the cerebral cortex
• Unlike almost all other neurones in the body, olfactory receptors are continuously dividing (lifetime ~2 months)
• Each new neurone grows an axon to the olfactory bulb and forms the proper synaptic connections




Integration of Physiological Systems Page 1

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