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Summary OCR A/AS-Level Biology 3.1.2-3 Mammalian Exchange Tissues
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Mammalian ExchangeTissues
Blood Vessels
Arteries + arterioles – oxygenated blood away from the heart under high pressure
Veins + venules – deoxygenated blood towards the heart under low pressure
Capillaries – between blood vessels under decreasing pressure – allow gas exchange
Heart > arteries > arterioles > capillaries > venules > veins > heart
Found In Function
Ciliated epithelium cells Walls of trachea, bronchi and Movement of trapped dust
bronchioles and bacteria
Goblet cells Walls of trachea, bronchi and Secretion of mucus
bronchioles
Cartilage C-shaped rings in trachea Strength and support –
Islands in bronchi prevent collapse
Smooth muscles Trachea, bronchi and large Contracts to constrict airway
bronchioles to prevent harmful
substances entering
Elastic muscles Trachea, bronchi and large Relax smooth muscles to
bronchioles dilate airways
Squamous epithelium cells Alveoli One cell thick to provide a
short diffusion
Alveoli
Rich blood supply
Moist surface to absorb and dissolve gases and speed up diffusion
Surfactant decreases surface tension which helps prevent collapse
Large SA:V ratio
Thin permeable membrane
Well-ventilated
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