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Summary OCR A-Level Biology 5.1.4 Temperature Control in Endotherms
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Revision summary of key knowledge from OCR A-Level Biology 5.1.4 Temperature Control in Endotherms.
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EndothermsEndotherm – an organism that uses heat from metabolic reactions to maintain body
temperature
Advantages of Endothermy
Maintain a constant body temperature regardless of external conditions
Remain active even when external temperatures are low, allowing them to escape
potential predators or take advantage of prey that may be available
Able to inhabit colder parts of the planet
Disadvantages of Endothermy
Use a significant portion of their energy intake to maintain body temperature and less
for growth
Require more food
May overheat in hot weather
Temperature Regulation
Thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect the change in core body temperature
Hypothalamus will send signals using the neuronal and hormonal communications
systems
Negative feedback is used to return the body temperature to the optimum
Thermoregulatory centre on hypothalamus detects change in core body temperature by
monitoring blood temperature while peripheral receptors in the skin can inform the
hypothalamus of changes to temperature in the extremities as an early warning system,
allowing the hypothalamus to act before core body temperature drops
Precapillary Sphincters
Vasodilation of arterioles and opening of precapillary sphincters directs blood to the
skin surface where more heat can be lost to cool the body down
Vasoconstriction of arterioles and closing of precapillary sphincters directs blood away
from the skin surface so less heat is lost
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