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Summary OCR A-Level Biology 6.1.2 Regulation of Gene Expression
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Revision summary of key knowledge from OCR A-Level Biology 6.1.2 Regulation of Gene Expression.
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Regulation of GeneExpression
Eukaryotic Transcriptional Level
Hormones act as second messengers and pass through the plasma membrane to bind to
and activate transcription factors
Activated transcription factors bind to a promoter region on a chromosome near a gene
Transcription factors aid or inhibit RNA polymerase in binding to the promoter region
and beginning transcription
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Level
Lactose Absent
o Regulator gene codes for a repressor protein
o Repressor binds to operator region (LacO)
o RNA polymerase cannot bind to the promoter region so cannot begin
transcription
o Structural genes are inactive which conserves amino acids
Lactose Present
o Lactose acts as an inducer and binds to the repressor molecule
o Repressor-Inducer complex cannot bind to the operator region (LacO)
o RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region and begins transcription
o LacY codes for lactose permease which makes the membrane more permeable to
lactose, so lactose enters the cell
o LacZ codes for β-galactosidase which hydrolyses lactose into glucose and
galactose for respiration
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