Jawetz Melnick & Adelbergs Medical Microbiology 27 E
An organized table for Bacteriology/Microbiology students of the different biochemical tests for bacteria including its principle, indicators, color changes and quality control.
TEST PRINCIPLE INDICATORS COLOR QUALITY CONT
CARBOHYDRATE FERMENATION A/A Gas+ Escheric
TEST Determines whether gram-neg rod PHENOL RED- phenolsulfunphthalein ACIDIC – YELLOW K/A H2S+ Salmon
1. TRIPLE SUGAR IRON utilizes glucose, lactose, sucrose (pH indicator) ALKALINE – RED K/NC or K/K Pseu
fermntatively and forms H2S. FERROUS AMMONIUM SULFATE NEUTRAL - ORANGE aeruginosa
-H2S2 indicator
INDOLE TEST POSITIVE – KOVAC: (+) E. coli
Tryptophan to pyruvic acid, ammonia RED/RED/VIOLET pneumoniae
1. KOVAC’S PDAB – add para- NEGATIVE – YELLOW ERLICH: (+) Elizab
dimethylaminobenzaldehyde ORANGE – presence of meningoseptica (-
2. ERLICH’s’ PDAB add Xylene/Ether skatole/methyl indole EO 2 (Paracoccus
INDOLE: (+) E.coli
3. SPOT INDOLE 1% PDAB Enterobacter
METHYL RED / VOGUES-PROSKAUER Determine the ability of an organism to MPVP – (+) DEEP RED (+) Escherichia co
TEST produce and maintain stable acid end BUFFERED PEPTONE (-) Enterobacter c
products from glucose fermentation METHYL RED – large amount of acid GLUCOSE BROTH - (+)
1. MPVP MEDIUM BRIGHT RED
2. BUFFERED PEPTONE (+)… ACIDIC = PH 4.5 below
GLUCOSE BROTH (-)…. NO COLOR CHANGE = >4.5
CATALASE TEST Differentiates Staphylococcus species (+) EFFERVESCENCE (+) Staphylococcu
from Streptococcus species (Bubble formation) (-) Streptococcus
(-) Lack or weak bubble
formation
VOGUES-PROSKAUER TEST Production of Acids & Acetylmethyl (+) PINK BURGUNDY layer (+) Enterobacter c
carbinol (ACETOIN) from glucose ALPHA NAPHTHOL & KOH on top of the broth in 10 (-) Escherichia col
Barrit’s method for Gram (-) fermentation mins
1. SOLUTION A (ALPHA- (-) YELLOW
NAPHTHOL)
2. SOLUTION B (KOH)
CITRATE TEST Sodium citrate and inorganic BROMTHYMOL BLUE (+) BLUE – medium alkaline (+) Klebsiella pneu
ammonium salts produce acetate and (-) YELLOW – acid PH (-) Escherichia col
1. SIMMON’S CITRATE SLANT carbonate (-) GREEN – neutral PH
OXIDASE TEST Determine the ability of bacterial 1. PADAM Pink - Black DARK PURPLE – 10 (+) Neisseria gono
cytochrome oxidase using the the -para-aminodimethyl aniline seconds (-) Escherichia col
substrate tetramethyl para- monohydrochloride
phenylenediamine dihydrochloride to
indophenol 2. TMPDD Blue – Dark Purple
-1% tetra-methyl para-
phenylenediamine dihydrochloride
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